Childhood disorders Test 1

Who may refer a child for treatment?

Teachers

Parents

Pediatricians

(ALL OF THE ABOVE)

John Locke (1632-1704) advanced the belief that children were:

Emotionally sensitive beings

Which method did Jean-Marc Itard use to tame the "wild boy of Aveyron"?:

Hot bathes

Massages

Electric shock

(ALL OF THE ABOVE)

AAt the end of the 19th century, children with mental retardation were regarded as:

Imbeciles

At the end of the 19th century, children with normal cognitive abilities but disturbing behavior were thought to be:

“Suffering from “moral insanity”

During the early part of the 20th century, the biological disease model of mental problems led to:

Eugenics and Segregation.

The development of _______ treatment can be traced back to the rise of behaviorism in the early 1900s.

Psychodynamic

In the first half of the 20th century, most children with mental disorders were:

Institutionalized

The work of Rene Spitz:

Raised serious questions about the harmful impact of institutionalization of children’s behavior.

Psychological disorders are defined as patterns of behavioral, cognitive, emotional or physical symptoms, which are associated with:

Distress

Disability

Increased risk for further suffering or harm

(All of these)

Boundaries between abnormal versus normal functioning are:

Relatively arbitrary

Which of the following is not a developmental task of middle childhood?

Differentiation self from environment

Conduct disorder may arise from different developmental pathways, a concept known as:

Equifinality

What is a risk factor:

A variable that precedes a negative outcome of interest

Which of these following statements is untrue?

Most childhood problems and disorders remit by the end of childhood.

Children from poor and disadvantaged families demonstrate significantly more ____ than children who are not poor

(ALL OF THE ABOVE)

Phone surveys suggest that about ____of 10-16 year olds experience physical or sexual abuse

1/3

Phone surveys suggest that about ________ of 12- to 17-year-olds met criteria for either posttraumatic
stress disorder, major depressive episode, or substance abuse/dependence.

16-19%

What might be a lifelong consequence associated with child psychopathology?

Increased demands on health and education systems

Etiology refers to the ___ of childhood disorders

Causation

Which of the following is not an underlying assumption regarding abnormal child behavior

All of these answers are underlying assumptions

The failure to master or progress in accomplishing developmental milestones is referred to as

Adaptational failure

An organizational view of development implies a ______

dynamic

A children’s development occurs in a ___ manner.

organized

The developmental psychology perspective is best viewed as a:

Theory

A central tenet of development psychopathology is that to understand maladaptive behavior it is necessary to consider

What is normal for a given period of development.

Which of the following statements about neural development is false?

The connections in the brain are relatively pre-determined and the environment cannot change their course.

Which of the following statements about genetics is false?

Genes determine behavior

The problem with family aggregation studies is that they:

Do not control for environmental variables

The part of the human brain that regulates our emotional experiences, expressions and impulses is the:

Limbic system

The ____ gland plays a role in energy metabolism and growth, and is implicated in certain eating disorders.

Thyroid

The ___ gland oversees the body’s regulatory functions by producing several hormones, including estrogen and progesterone

Pituitary

_____ acts like a “switch” in the brain, turning on various circuits associated with certain types of behavior

Dopamine

The neurotransmitter, which is not directly involved in specific disorders but is generally more involved in emotional and behavioral regulation is:

Norepinephrine

____ problems refer to weak or absent control structures, whereas ____ problems mean that existing control structures operative in a maladaptive way.

Regulation, dysregulation

Temperament:

Refers to the child’s organized style of behavior that appears very early in development.

Shapes the child’s approach to the environment and vice versa.

Is considered one of the building blocks of personality.

Bronfenbrenner’s (1977) model does not include a consideration of:

The model includes

The child in isolation

The child’s family members

The society in which the child lives.

Attachment theory considers crying (in an infant) to be a behavior that

Enhances relationships with the caregiver.

The process of attachment typically begins between ____ of age

6-12 months

Infants that explore the environment with little affective interaction with the caregiver are likely to have an:

Anxious avoidant

_____ theorists argue that a child’s behavior can only be understood in terms of relationships with others.

Cognitive

The relationship between assessment and intervention is best viewed as:

Related and ongoing

The detailed representation of the individual child or family as a unique entity is referred to as a ____ case formulation

Idiographic

Which of the following typically does not have much bearing on a clinician’s approach to assessment, diagnosis and treatment?

Age, gender and culture.

The over-representation of boys with psychological disorders likely reflects:

Referral biases

Which of the following is not included in a clinical description

Age of onset and duration of difficulties

The formal assignment of a clinical case to a DSM-IV-TR classification category is referred to as a

Proper diagnosis

_____ means generating predictions concerning future behavior under specified conditions

Prognosis

Semi-structured interviews tend to be___ then structured interviews

More consistent and less spontaneuos

Which of the following would generally not be assessed by behavioral assessment methods?

Mood

An advantage of behavioral checklists over interviews is that checklists allow a clinician to ___

Establish rapport

Neuropsychological assessments are primarily used in

Making inferences about central nervous system dysfunction

Functions assessed in neuropsychological functioning do not include

None of the above

Categorical classification systems are primarily based on:

Underlying etiologic bases of the disorders classified

The _____ classification approach assumes that all children possess the same traits to varying degrees.

dimensional

If a child with asthma were suffering from anxiety because of the fear of an impending attack, the asthma would be noted on Axis ______ of the DSM-IV-TR

Axis III

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the DSM-IV-TR

It fails to capture the comorbidity known to exist among many childhood disorders.

______ refers to efforts to increase adherence with treatment over time to prevent reoccurrence.

Maintenance

Seeing a child individually for a limited number of treatment sessions is referred to as the ____ model of treatment.

Conventional

Minimum ethical standards for practice include:

Selecting treatment goals and procedures that are in the best interest of the child.

Making sure client participation is active and voluntary.

Protecting the confidentiality of the therapeutic relationship.

______ approaches to treatment view child psychopathology as the result of faulty thought patterns and faulty learning and environmental experiences.

Cognitive-Behavioral

In contrast to adults, abnormality in children is often described in terms of:

Relationships