Introduction to Public Health (PUBH 1101) - Evidence Based Public Health

Flashcards for the 'Introduction to Public Health' lecture on 'Evidence Based Public Health' covering key concepts, definitions, and processes.

The steps in the evidence-based public health process include Problem, Etiology, , , and Evaluation.

Recommendations, Implementation

A public health problem can be described in terms of and .

morbidity, mortality

The course of a disease can be described in terms of incidence, , and .

prevalence, case-fatality

The __ of disease may be used to generate hypotheses about the cause of a disease.

distribution

Qualitative data can be used to __ quantitative data.

complement

The first step in the evidence-based public health process is to define the ___.

health problem

The step in the public health process that asks 'What is the contributory cause?' is .

Etiology

The step in the public health process that asks 'What works to reduce health impact?' is .

Recommendations

The step in the public health process that asks 'How can we get the job done?' is .

Implementation

The step in the public health process that asks 'How do you measure its progress or success?' is .

Evaluation

The __ refers to the occurrence of disability and death due to a disease.

burden of disease

The __ describes how often a disease occurs, how likely it is to be present, and recent changes in its burden.

course of disease

The __ identifies who gets the disease and where they live.

distribution of disease

__ investigate person/place factors in determining associations in disease frequency.

Epidemiologists

Associations used as a hypothesis or etiology are known as __ associations.

Group

Differences or changes in disease rates that are a result of data collection processes are considered ___.

artifactual

__ factors include race, age, gender, and SES in disease distribution.

Person

__ factors refer to urban/rural and geographic locale in disease distribution.

Place

One reason changes in disease rates may be artifactual is differences or changes in the interest in identifying the __.

disease

Differences or changes in the __ to identify the disease can lead to artifactual changes in rates.

ability

Differences or changes in the __ of the disease can cause artifactual changes in rates.

definition

__ Rate is the total number of new cases of a specific disease during a given time period divided by the total population at risk during the same time period.

Incidence

__ Rate includes all new and pre-existing cases of a specific disease during a given time period divided by the total population during the same time period.

Prevalence

The evidence-based public health approach relies on __ research studies to establish contributory cause.

epidemiological

The __ of the evidence is scored based on the types of investigations and how well they were conducted.

Quality

__ controlled trials are considered the highest quality evidence.

Well-conducted randomized

The __ of the impact is defined as the benefits minus the harms, or the 'net benefits'.

Magnitude

Evidence-based recommendations combine the score for the quality of the evidence with the score for the __ of the intervention.

impact

The strength of recommendation is graded as A, B, C, D, and __.

I

The __ approach is used to examine options for implementation.

When-Who-How

The __ framework is increasingly used to evaluate how well specific interventions work and are accepted in practice.

RE-AIM

RE-AIM stands for reach, effectiveness, adoption, __, and maintenance.

implementation

__ Interventions take place before the onset of disease.

Primary

__ Interventions occur after the development of disease or risk factor or when symptoms appear.

Secondary

__ Interventions occur after the initial occurrence of symptoms, such as management of Diabetes Type 2 via Insulin therapy.

Tertiary