1/50
A series of 70 vocabulary flashcards created for students to study key concepts in personality psychology as presented in the lecture notes.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
---|
No study sessions yet.
Personality
An individual’s characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior, along with the psychological mechanisms behind those patterns.
Triad
Thought, feeling and behaviour
Etymology
The study of the origin of words and how their meanings have changed.
Humorism
An ancient theory that bodily fluids affect personality and behavior.
Psychoanalysis
A method of psychological therapy focusing on unconscious mental processes and conflicts.
Self-actualization
The realization or fulfillment of one's talents and potential.
Big Five Traits
A model depicting five broad dimensions of personality: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism.
Biological approach
Understanding mental processes in terms of biological factors.
Trait approach
The study of how individual differences in personality traits influence behavior.
Phenomenological approach
Focus on individuals' conscious experiences and perception of the world.
One Big Theory
The idea that one singular theory can explain all aspects of personality.
S Data
Self-report data collected through questionnaires or surveys.
I Data
Informant data gathered from acquaintances or observers.
L Data
Life data obtained from archival records or public records.
B Data
Behavioral data collected through direct observation.
Reliability
The consistency of a measure, indicating that it produces stable and consistent results.
Validity
The degree to which a test measures what it claims to measure.
Generalizability
The extent to which findings apply to other populations, situations, or contexts.
Barnum Effect
The tendency for people to believe vague or general personality descriptions apply specifically to them.
Projective tests
Psychological assessments where ambiguous stimuli require interpretation to reveal inner thoughts.
Rorschach test
A projective test using inkblots to evaluate an individual’s personality.
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
A projective test that asks individuals to create stories from ambiguous images.
Objective tests
Personality assessments consisting of a standard set of items with predetermined scoring.
Constructive Objective Personality Tests
Tests that rely on rational, factor analytic, or empirical construction methods.
Rational method
A test item generation method based on theories or expert knowledge about the construct being measured.
Factor analytic method
Using statistical techniques to group items that correlate into factors.
Empirical method
Identifying items that distinguish between pre-determined groups based on their responses.
Lexical hypothesis
The idea that important individual differences will be represented by language.
Single-trait approach
A method that focuses on the effects of one particular trait.
Many-trait approach
An approach that examines the relationship between many traits and one behavior outcome.
Essential-trait approach
A search for the most important traits that can define personality.
Typological approach
Categorizing individuals into distinct personality types based on trait patterns.
Extraversion
A personality trait characterized by sociability, assertiveness, and a high energy level.
Agreeableness
A personality trait reflecting compassion and cooperativeness.
Neuroticism
A trait associated with emotional instability and negative emotionality.
Honest-Humility
A personality trait indicating a lack of selfishness and sincerity.
Dark Tetrad
A group of socially aversive traits including narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and sadism.
First Impressions
Initial judgments made about individuals based on limited information.
Good Judge
A person who accurately perceives others, often characterized by high agreeableness and social skills.
Realistic Accuracy Model
A framework explaining the process through which accurate personality judgments occur.
Pygmalion Effect
The phenomenon where higher expectations lead to an increase in performance.
Expectancy Effects
The influence of a person's expectations on another's behavior.
Social psychology
The scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others.
Situationism
The theory that behavior is largely driven by situational factors rather than personality traits.
Lewinian Interactionism
The concept that personality traits and situational variables interact to influence behavior.
Strong situations
Contexts in which the social environment significantly constrains individual behavior.
Acquaintanceship effect
The accuracy of personality judgments improves with length of acquaintance.
Emotional arousal
A heightened emotional state that can reveal more about a person's personality.
Social intelligence
The ability to effectively navigate and negotiate complex social relationships.
Compassion
A trait characterized by understanding and empathy towards others.
Psychological traits
Enduring characteristics that influence an individual's behavior across various situations.