Adult Language: Cognitive Communication Disorders - Week 2 Lecture 3

Flashcards covering definitions and concepts related to memory and cognitive function, based on lecture notes.

Memory

The process of taking in information from the world, processing it, storing it, and later recalling that information.

Stage Model of Memory

A model that views memory as a single system with distinct stages or processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval.

Encoding

The initial processing of material to be learned, involving strategies like rehearsal and organization.

Consolidation

The process of transferring encoded information to storage, primarily mediated by networks in the medial temporal lobes.

Storage

The holding of information in the memory system for future use, either in short-term or long-term memory.

Retrieval

The process of pulling information from storage (long-term store) in order to use it.

System Models of Memory

Memory is comprised of sets of interrelated systems and subsystems. Breakdowns occur in one component of system, while others are preserved.

Baddeley’s Model of Working Memory

Central Executive (attention), Phonological Loop (verbal), Visuo-spatial Sketchpad (visual), Episodic Buffer (links STM and LTM)

Declarative (Explicit) Memory

Memory of facts and events that can be consciously recalled, divided into semantic and episodic memory.

Non-Declarative (Implicit) Memory

Unconscious memory of skills and habits, priming, and conditioning.

Semantic Memory

Knowledge of facts, such as multiplication tables or historical facts.

Episodic Memory

Knowledge regarding personal experiences, such as college graduation or what you had for breakfast.

Sensory Memory

The initial stage of memory that holds sensory information briefly.

Short-Term Memory

A temporary storage system that holds a limited amount of information for a short period; also referred to as working memory.

Long-Term Memory

The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system.

Explicit Memory

Conscious memory that can be intentionally and consciously recalled.

Implicit Memory

Unconscious memory that influences our behavior without our awareness.

Procedural Memory

Memory for the execution of automatic tasks and skills.

Prospective Memory

Memory for delayed intentions, which can be stimulus-dependent or stimulus-independent.

Rostral Prefrontal Cortex (BA 10)

Brain region associated with prospective memory.

Neuroanatomy of Memory

Long-term memory sites in temporo-parietal lobes (verbal/visual memory). Cortex/hippocampus (declarative memory). Basal ganglia (implicit memory, e.g., riding a bike).

Levels of Cognitive Function Scale

A 10-level behavioral scale assessing functional communication and progress after brain injury.