Chapter 1 Introducing Psychology

Chapter 1, Sections 1-3, Test Tuesday

Psychology

scientific study of behavior and mental processes or the soul

Psychiatrist

a medical practitioner

theories, systematic

Researchers use different __, but all agree that conducting research must be __

Scientific Method

1. Make Observations

2. Think of Interesting Questions

3. Formulate Hypotheses

4. Develop Testable Predictions

5. Gather Data to Test Predictions

6. Develop general theories

goals of psychology

Describe, explanation, prediction, influence

cognitive

an organism’s thinking and understanding

physiological

having to do with an organisms physical processes

hypothesis

educated guess about a phenomenon

theory

complex explanation based on research

basis science

research

applied science

discovering ways to use science

Wilhelm Wundt

established psychology as field of study; structuralism

Structuralist

studies basic elements of human experiences

introspection

self-observation where you report your thoughs/feelings

William James

“Father of Psychology”; Functionalism

Functionalist

studies how organisms adapt to their environment

Gestalt

Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler, Kurt Koffka; shape, form, patter

Sigmund Freud

physician in Vienna, psychoanalytic psychology

Psychoanalyst

studies how unconscious motives and conflicts affect human behavior

Behavior psychology

Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, B.F. Skinner

Behaviorist

analyzes how organisms modify their behavior based on responses to environment

conditioning

given a stimulus to evoke a response

reinforcement

response to behavior that increases likelihood the behavior will be repeated

punishment

consequence that reduces an undesirable behavior

Humanistic Psychology

Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, Rollo May

Logotherapy

therapeutic approach that helps people find personal meaning in life

Humanist

believes that each person directs their own future and truth

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

self-actualization, esteem, love and belonging, safety needs, and physiological needs

cognitive psychology

Jean Piaget, Noam Chomsky, Leon Festinger

Cognitivist

studies how we process, store, retrieve, and use info to influence behavior

Psychobiologist

studies how physical and chemical changes influence our behavior

Biological psychology

interested in how the brain, nervous system, hormones, and genetics influence behavior

Lev Vygotsky

socialcultural psychology

Sociocultural psychology

how our thinking, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by culture, society, and environment

psychologist

trained to observe, analyze, and evaluate behavior patterns

clinical psychologist

help deal with personal problems

counseling psychologist

advising and assisting people with problems of every day life

developmental psychologist

study physical emotional, cognitive, and social changes through life

educational psychologist

teaching young and adults problem solving, memory, and learning skills

community phsychologist

works in mental health and social welfare agency

industrial/organizational psychologist

boosts production and working conditions

experimental psychologist

studies sensation, perception, learning, motivation, and emotion in carefully controlled conditions

Ivan Pavlov

conditions dogs

the unconscious

Freud emphasized the role of what concept in shaping people’s personality and behavior?

John Watson

father of behaviorism

no

is Rolloy May a cognitive psychologist?

forensic psychology

field that deals with diagnosis, evauation, treatment, and trestimony regarding the law and criminal behavior

doctoral-level degree

psychologists must have a ___