Plate boundary motion and earth processes: guided notes

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14 Terms

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Volcano
A vent or fissure in the Earth’s surface through which molten rock and gases are expelled.
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Magma
Molten rock below the Earth’s surface.
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Lava
Molten rock on the Earth’s surface.
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Rift Zone
Area where tectonic plates move away from each other, creating a rift valley.
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Subduction
Process occurring when oceanic and continental plates collide, causing one plate to move under another and leading to the formation of magma.
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Hot Spots
Areas where magma rises through the lithosphere creating volcanoes, while tectonic plates continue to move.
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Geyser
A hot spring that erupts periodically, shooting pressurized water and steam into the air.
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Hot Spring
A natural spring of water that is heated by magma close to the Earth's surface.
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Fault
A break in the Earth’s crust where movement has occurred.
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Deformation
The change in the shape of rock in response to stress.
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Elastic Deformation
A temporary change in the shape of a rock that can return to its original form.
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Plastic Deformation
A permanent change in the shape of a rock that cannot return to its original form.
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Seismic Waves
Waves of energy that are released during an earthquake.
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New Madrid Fault System
A significant fault system in Missouri known for numerous earthquakes since 1974.