Ch. 8,9,10 Wellness

Social health is the ability to…

• interact effectively with other people and with social environment

• develop satisfying interpersonal relationships

• fulfill social roles

Social contagion

Process in which friends, friends of friends, acquaintances, and social circle affect health

Framingham Heart Study

Health-related factors changed not just individually over time but among clusters of people

Communicating:

1. Learning to listen

2. Be agreeable, but assertive

How Men communicate

• Talk to demonstrate authority

• Interrupt to get information

• Write brief and utilitarian emails

• More likely to use strong assertions, sarcasm, and disagreement with others online

How Women communicate

• Speak more in private

• Likely to wait rather than interrupt

• Focus more on emotion-related words in writing

• Write in similar style to spoken word build connection with audience

Friendship

Friends are a source of happiness, connection to a large world, and solace in times of trouble

Loneliness

Longer work hours, busy family schedules, frequent moves, and high divorce rates all contribute to loneliness

Shyness and social anxiety disorder

Many people are shy; approximately 7 percent can be diagnosed with social anxiety disorder

Altruism

Helping or giving to others

Altruism helps to give you

higher self-esteem, relieves physical and mental stress

Helper’s high

a unique sense of calmness, warmth, and enhanced self-worth

Pros of living in a wired world

• Keep in touch with acquaintances

• Support from acquaintances is meaningful

• Maintain relationships, make new friends

Cons of living in a wired world

• Private events can become public

• Can be used to humiliate, bully, harass, or stalk

• Takes time and attention away from other responsibilities

Self-disclosure

How much we reveal ourselves to another person

S*xting

sending s*xually explicit text messages or digital photos

High users of their cellphones

• On their phone 10+ hours a day

• May be more susceptible to depression and anxiety

Internet addiction

inability to control use of internet

Cyberbullying

Deliberate, repeated, and hostile actions that use information and communication technologies

Cyberbullies

May know their victims or strike randomly

Cyberstalking

Using social media, websites, or emails to harass victims, often starting false rumors about him

Cyberbullying and cyberstalking can be

criminal offenses punishable by imprisonment

Hooking up

1. involve s3xual behaviors without expectation of a relationship

2. 56-86 percent of students have reported having hooked up

Friends with benefits

1. involves ongoing friendship that goes beyond a one-time s3xual encounter

Love is…

essential for both physical and psychological well-being

Lack of love…

and commitment is associated with increased risk for illness

Four predictors for attraction

1. Warmth and kindness

2. Desirable personality

3. Something specific about the person

4. Reciprocal liking

Perspective of the Science of Love

• Psychological

• Anthropological

• Biochemical

Love/Romance is a

near-universal experiences for all cultures

Love causes changes in the brain

love causes the release of stimulants

1. Dopamine

2. Norepinephrine

3. Phenylethylamine

Endorphins and stimulants create physical symptoms

Love and feelings or well-being

Passionate Love

Characterized by intense feelings of elation, sexual desire, and ecstasy

Companionate Love

Characterized by friendly affection and deep attachment

Relationships

May begin with passionate love and evolve into a more compassionate love or vice versa

Dysfunctional Relationships

Do not promote healthy communication, honesty and intimacy

Health problems that are a result of a dysfunctional relationship

• Headaches

• Digestive trouble

• Difficulty sleeping

Intimate partner violence

Behavior to control another person; fear, humiliation, and verbal or physical assault

Emotional abuse

Constant berating, belittling, and criticizing

Codependency

Maladaptive behaviors learned by family members to survive great emotional pain and stress of loved one’s illness, addiction, or abuse

Treatment for codependency

• Individual and group therapy

• Education

• Co-Dependents Anonymous

New transition to adulthood

• Completing school

• Establishing independent household

• Being employed full-time

• Marriage and children (if possible)

Stages of a relationship

• Blending

• Nesting

• Building trust and dependability

• Merging assets

• Establishing strong partnership

Blending

intense passion and romantic love

Nesting

starting a home together

Benefits of a good marriage

• Better physical and mental health

• Longer life

• Less disease and common illnesses

Issues that couples confront

• Money

• Sex

• Extramarital affairs

• Two-career couples

• Conflict

Physical

Safe s3x reduces chances of transmitting s3xually transmitted infections

Emotional

Responsibility builds trust and commitment

Spiritual

Sexuality can uplift the soul, allowing for connection and something greater

Social

Strong relationships allow safe s3xual exploration

Intellectual

S3xuality enables a meeting of minds and bodies

Hypothalamus

GnRH

Pituitary gland

Gonadotropins

Gonads

Sex hormones

Hormones

are chemical messengers the arouse cells and organs

Hypothalamus triggers

pituitary to release FSH and LH

FSH

stimulates follicle development

Follicle produces

estrogen which enables ovulation

Estrogen and progesterone

stimulate uterus to prepare for egg

If the egg is fertilized

pregnancy occurs

If the egg is not fertilized,

menstruation occurs

Dysmenorrhea

Menstrual cramps

Amenorrhea

absence of menstruation

PMDD

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

PMDD

• Depression during last week of menstrual cycle

• Cannot function at work, school, or home

Treatment for PMDD

SSRI’s and Birth control pills

What are cramps caused by?

caused by overproduction of prostaglandins

Amenorrhea can be defined as being…

Absence of menstruation for 3 or more consecutive months

Effects of Amenorrhea

• Loss of bone density

• Osteoporosis

• Stress fractures

Toxic Shock Syndrome

Bacterial infection in women who use tampons

Symptoms of Toxic Shock Syndrome

• High fever

• Rash

• Dizziness

• Low blood pressure

Treatment for Toxic Shock Syndrone

Antibiotics and IV Immunoglobulin

Circumcision

removal of foreskin

Transgender community

individuals who do not conform to the commonly understood gender norms

Transyouth

Related gender identity or expression

Transsexual

Identify with the gender other than the one assigned at birth

Transwomen

male to female transsexuals

Transmen

female to male transsexuals

Responsible s3xuality

• S3xually healthy relationship

• Making s3xual decisions

• Saying no to s3x

Adolescent

• Younger age for sexual initiation

• Median age for sexual intercourse around 16

College

• Hooking up 56-86%

• Friends w/ benefits 45-60%

Adult

• Average frequency of s3x is once a week

• Frequency of s3x decreases with education level

The more s3x someone has

the happier they are

Heterosexual

sexual/romantical attraction between the opposite sexes

Homosexual

sexual/emotional/social attraction to a member of the same sex

Bisexual

Sexual attraction to both male and females

Asexual

Not sexual attraction to either of the sexes

Sexual difficulties

• Erectile dysfunction

• Orgasm problems in men

• Female sexual dysfunction

Business of Sex

Without affection and individuality, market sex, sold as a product

Business of sex examples

Pornography and Prostitution

Engaging in vaginal intercourse

may risk in pregnancy

Spermatogenesis

creation of sperm in male

Egg release

every month, in to female’s fallopian tubes

Fertilization

a sperm’s journey into the vagina

After the sperm has taken the egg

cell division occurs

Implantation occurs

Blastocyst burrows into endometrium of uterus

Sperm + Egg

Fertilized egg

Long-acting oral contraceptives

fewer or no menstrual periods

Provide protection from pregnancy for extended period without any action by users

• Intrauterine devices (IUDs)

• Injections

• Implants

Intrauterine devices look like

small piece of molded plastic with attach nylon string