#1-5 module 1 (Introduction to biological science)

Biological science

Biological science

The branch of science that studies life

Agriculture

science, and practice of producing crops and livestock from the natural resources of the earth

Anatomy

Study of animal form, particularly human body

Astrobiology

branch of biology concerned with the effects of outer space on living organisms and the search for extra

Botany

the scientific study of plants

Cell biology

the study of cells at the microscopic or at molecular level. It includes studying the cells physiological properties, structure, organelles, interactions, with the environment, life cycle, division, and apoptosis.

(2)Biochemistry

Biophysics

an interdisciplinary science that applies the theories and method of physical sciences to questions of biology

Biotechnology

applied science that is concerned with biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof to make or modify products or process for specific use

Ecology

the scientific study of the relationship between plants, animals and their environment

Entomology

the study of insects

Evolution

concerned with the origin and decent species as well as their change over time

Genetics

a science that deals with heredity, especially the mechanisms of hereditary transmission and inherited characteristics among similar or related organisms

Immunobiology

study of structure and function of the immune system

Neurobiology

branch of biology that deals with anatomy and physiology and pathology of the nervous system

paleobiology

study of the forms of life existing in prehistoric or geologic times, as presented by the fossil of plant, animal, and other organisms
(2)Parasitology

pathology

study of nature of disease and its cause, processes, development and consequences

Medicine

the science which relates to the prevention, cure, or alleviation of disease

Microbiology

the branch of biology that deals with microorganism and their effects on another living organism

Molecular biology

the branch of biology that deals with the information, structure, and function of macromolecules essential of life, such as nucleic acids and proteins. Their role in cell replication and the transmission of genetic information

mycology

study of fungi

pharmacology

the study of preparation and use of drugs and synthetic medicines

physiology

the biological study of functions of living organisms and their parts

Psychobiology

the study of mental functioning and behavior in relation to other biological processes

ichthyology

study of fishes

herpetology

the study of reptiles and amphibians

ornithology

the study of birds

mammalogy

study of mammals

Toxicology

study on how natural man

virology

study of viruses

zoology

study of biology that deals with animal life

Microscope

\- it is the most useful tool in dealing with microscopic creatures

Head/body

- houses the optical parts in the upper part of the microscope(yung bilog kung saan naka tusok yung eyepieace)

base

\- supports the microscope and houses the illuminator(yung base ng microscope para di matumba)

arm

\- connects to the base and supports the microscope head(hawakan duh)

eyepiece or ocular

\- it is the part what you look through at the top of a microscope(yung sinisilipan sa microscope)

eyepiece tube

\- it holds the eyepiece in place above the objective lens(yung tube sa mismong eyepiece)

objective lenses

\- these are the primary optical lenses on a microscope(yung lense na naka tutok sa speciment para makita nang maayos)

nosepiece

\- it houses the objective. The objective are exposed and are mounted on a rotating turret so that different objectives can be conveniently selected standard objectives(kung saan naka connect yung objectives, eto yung umiikot para maiba-iba yung objectives)

coarse and focus knob

- they are used to focus microscope (yung knob sa gilid para fumocus yung tinitignan sa eyepiece para di blurry)

Stage

\- it is where the specimen to be viewed in placed

Stage clips

\- they are used when there are no mechanical stage. The viewer is required to move the slide manually to view different sections of specimen(yung pang clip dun sa slide na naka lahay sa stage)

Aperture

\- It is the hole in the stage through which the base transmits light reaches the stage.(yung butas sa stage para makita nang maayos yung specimen kapag tinitignan na syempre kapag walang ilaw sa baba yun edi madilim duh)

illuminator

\- it is the light source for a microscope

Condenser

\- it is used to collect and focus the light from the illuminator on the specimen(para focus yung beam ng light sa slide)

Iris diaphram

\- it controls the amount of light reaching the specimen(kung gaano kalakas yung liwanag or labo)

Condenser focus knob

\- moves the condenser up or down to control the lighting focus on the specimen.

Complex organization

living things have a level of **complexity and organization** not found in lifeless objects

Metabolism

it involves exchange of chemical matter with the external environment and extensive transform of organic matter within the cells of living organisms

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It generally involves the **release or use of chemical ener**gy. Non-living things do not display this

Responsiveness

All living things are able to **respond to stimuli** in the external environment.

growth

it requires an organism to take in material from the environment and organize the material into its own structures.

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During ____, a living organism **transforms material that is unlike itself** into materials that are like it.

reproduction

A living thing has the ability to **produce copies** of itself by the process known as .

Evolution

Living organisms have the ability to **adapt** to their environment through the process of .