CH:1 Anatomy CLASS Notes

Epithelial tissue

Covers or lines body surfaces; examples include the epidermis and capillary walls.

Connective tissue

Connects and supports parts of the body; examples include bone, cartilage, and blood.

Muscle tissue

Contracts to produce movement; examples include skeletal muscles and the heart.

Nerve tissue

Generates and transmits impulses to regulate body function; examples include the brain and nerves.

Integumentary system

Includes skin, hair, and nails; serves protection, temperature regulation, and sensation.

Skeletal system

Composed of bones, cartilage, and ligaments; protects body organs, supports the body, and plays a role in blood formation.

Muscular system

Composed of skeletal muscles; responsible for movement, posture, and heat production.

Lymphatic system

Includes lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, and tonsils; involved in fluid balance, immune cell production, and disease defense.

Respiratory system

Includes the nose, larynx, and trachea; responsible for oxygen absorption, carbon dioxide release, and speech.

Urinary system

Comprises kidneys and urinary bladder; functions in waste excretion and blood volume regulation.

Nervous system

Composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves; controls and coordinates other systems.

Endocrine system

Includes glands such as the pituitary, adrenals, and pancreas; responsible for hormone production.

Circulatory system

Composed of the heart and blood vessels; functions in oxygen and nutrient distribution.

Digestive system

Includes the stomach, small and large intestine, liver, and mouth; involved in nutrient breakdown, absorption, and waste elimination.

Reproductive system

Includes testes in males and ovaries in females; responsible for procreation.

Body cavities

Spaces in the body that house internal organs, primarily classified into ventral and dorsal cavities.

Homeostasis

The state of the body being in internal balance despite changes in external conditions.

Dynamic equilibrium

The body’s active maintenance of internal balance.

Negative Feedback

Opposes the stimulus and reverses the direction of change, most systems in the body operate this way.

Positive Feedback

Reinforces the stimulus and amplifies the direction of change.

Midline

The line that divides the body into left and right halves.

Anatomical position

Standing up straight with arms at the sides and palms facing forward.

Ventral cavity

The front of the body containing the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

Cranial cavity

Contains the skull and brain.

Spinal cavity

Contains the vertebrae and spinal cord.

Sagittal plane

Divides the body lengthwise into left and right sides.

Transverse (horizontal) plane

Divides the body horizontally into superior and inferior portions.

Frontal (coronal) plane

Divides the body lengthwise into anterior and posterior portions.

Body regions

Terms used to describe areas of the body, such as cephalic (head) and cervical (neck).