Musicianship Final

Fermata

To Hold - the performer or conductor decides how much longer to hold the note.

Ceasura

To Cease - a brief pause within the flow of music, total silence.

Ritardando

To Retard/Slow - a gradual decrease of tempo

Accelerando

To accelerate - a gradual increase of tempo

Slur

A curved line connecting notes, meaning to play without separation.

Tie

Ties notes together, the notes must be the same. If two notes held on C are tied together and they are both half notes, the length that it is held becomes 4 beats.

Legato

Tied together - notes that are sung or played smoothly and connected, without breaks.

Staccato

Strung apart - notes that are sung or played detached and sharply separated from others.

Rubato

To Rob - displacing the beat of the music

Counterpoint

Combines multiple melodies into something harmonious as a whole - think Not Getting Married Today

Canon

Repeating a melody within a sequence in multiple different voices/instruments.

Accent

Placed above a note to indicate emphasis.

Tempo

The speed at which the music is performed.

4/4 Time

Time signature in which the quarter note gets the beat and there are 4 beats per measure.

3/4 Time

Time signature in which the quarter note gets the beat and there are 3 beats per measure.

2/2 Time

Time signature in which the half note gets the beat and there are 2 beats per measure.

Common and Cut Time

Common time is the same thing as 4/4 and can be referred to the “C” symbol while cut time is the same thing as 2/2.

Scale

A series of notes arranged in order of pitch, whether that is ascending or descending.

Tonic

The first note of either a scale, and used for the notes of first other things. “Tonic Chord” is the foundation bottom note of a chord.

1-4-5 Chords

The chords built on the 1st, 4th, and 5th notes of a major scale.

The 1st is the tonic, the 4th is subdominant and the 5th is the dominant.

Leading tone

7th above or ½ step below the tonic chord.

All the tones (Extra Credit maybe)

1 - Tonic

2 -Supertonic

3 - Mediant

4- Subdominant

5- Dominant

6- Submediant

7- Leading Tone

Senority

Key of C Major

• No Flats/Sharps

• Relative to A minor

Key of G Major

• One Sharp (F#)

• Relative to E minor

Key of D Major

• Two Sharps (F# & C#)

• Relative to B minor

Key of A Major

• Three Sharps (F#, C# G#)

• Relative to F# minor

Key of E Major

• Four Sharps (F#, C#, G#, D#)

• Relative to C# minor

Key of B Major/C-Flat Major

• Five Sharps (F# C#, G#, D#, A#)

  • 7 Flats

• Relative to G# Minor

  • Relative to A-flat Minor

Key of F# Major/G-Flat Major

• Six Sharps (F#, C#, G#, D#, A#, E#)

  • Six Flats (B, E, A, D, G, C)

• Relative to D# Minor

  • Relative to E-flat Minor

Key of C# Major/D-Flat Major

• 7 Sharps (F#, C#, G#, D#, A#, E#, B#)

  • 5 Flats (B,E,A,D,G)

• Relative to A-flat Minor

  • Relative to B-flat Minor

Key of A-Flat Major

• 4 Flats (B,E,A,D)

  • Relative to F Minor)

Key of E-Flat Major

• 3 Flats (B, E, A)

  • Relative to C Minor)

Key of B-Flat Major

• 2 Flats (B, E)

• Relative to G Minor

Key of F Major

• 1 Flat (B)

• Relative to D Minor

Major Chord

Major 3rd between the first and second note. Minor 3rd between the second and third note.

Minor Chord

Minor 3rd between the first and second note. Major 3rd between the second and third note.

Diminished Chord

Minor 3rd between the first and second note. Minor 3rd between the second and third note.

Augmented Chord

Major 3rd between the first and second note

Major 3rd between the second and third note

What does the 5 chord create?

tension, resolution, cadence. (harmonic destination)

Marcatto

Upwards accent (roof) When placed next to an accent, a marcatto should make it even greater.

Gun Song

Musical: Assassins

Composer/Lyricist: Stephen Sondheim

Book: John Weidham

Other Works: Into the Woods, Company

Wait For Me

Musical: Hadestown

Composer, Lyricist, Book: Anais Mitchell

Other Works: Great Comet

Prologue

Musical: City of Angels

Composer: Cy Coleman

Lyricist: David Zippel

Other Works: Sweet Charity

Tempo Secundo Molto Rubato

“second tempo, very stolen time” seen in Gun Song

Sfortzando

(sfp) a sudden strong accent

Subito:

immediately, suddenly