reproductive system

what are oocytes (female sex cells)

egg cells produced and maintain by the female reproductive organs

what are the functions of the female reproductive organs?

transport oocytes (egg cells) to site of fertilization

provide nurturing environment for developing fetus

give birth to child

produce female sex hormones

what do the female sex hormones include

estrogens

progestins

what is oogenesis

process of creating a mature egg for reproduction (ovum)

what is an ovum?

mature egg or female gamete

what are ovaries

hormones that stimulate one oocyte (egg cells) to undergo meiosis

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

luteinizing hormone (LH)

what are fallopian tubes do?

fertilization

• occurs in one of fallopian tubes

long slender tubes that pass medially (towards midline) to the uterus

what does the uterus do

housing and nourishing a developing baby during pregnancy

pear shaped hollow organ with muscular walls

what is uterine bone (corpus)

main portion of uterus

what is fundus of the uterus

top portion of uterus

what is cervix

part of the uterus that extends into the vagina

what are the 3 layers that makes the uterus wall

endometrium

• divided into two layers

myometrium

• contains thick smooth muscle

perimetrium

• serous membrane coating

what matures and what forms during the menstrual cycle

ovum matures, and graafian follicle forms (developed ovum)

during ovulation, what happens

the graafian follicle ruptures through the surface of the ovary

if fertilization occurs, what happens

fertilized egg proceeds through fallopian tube to implant in the uterus

if fertilization doesnt occur what happens

series of hormonal changes causes corpus luteum to be shed, along with the uterine lining

corpus luteum (remnants of graafian follicle)

what is menarche

time of first menstrual cycle

what happens in the uterus during each menstrual cycle

the lining of the uterus proliferates (increase) in preparation for pregnancy

the lining sheds if pregnancy does not occur

what is avg menstrual cycle

28 days

what is the functions of vagina

elimination of menstrual fluids

receives penis during intercourse

holds spermatozoa

what is hymen?

thin mucous membrane that covers vaginal opening

what are the external genitalia of the female

labia majora

labia minora

clitoris

vestibule

vestibular glands

what is the main function of the male reproductive system

produce sperm cells 

transport these cells to outside of body

secrete male sex hormoneswha

what is the primary sex organ for the male repro system

two testes

• create sperm and male hormones

what happens if testes are too warm or too cold

spermatogenesis cannot occur

what is vas deferens in the male system

a duct that is transports mature sperm to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation.

what is the prostate gland

chestnut shaped male sex gland

located base of urethra

function: secrets an alkaline viscid ejaculatory fluid

what is ampulla in male reproduction system

pouch in vas deferens at the prostate gland

joins seminal vesicles to form ejaculatory duct

what are seminal vesicles in the male reproduction system

produce most of the fluid portion of semen

what other gland produces secretions that become semen

prostate gland, bulbourethral gland

what is the male external reproductive organ, which the urethra passes

penis

what is the perineum

area between the urethral opening and the anus

includes external (outside) gentalia, and anus

what does the pernieum support

the distal (away from midline) structures of the reproductive excretory systems

how does fertilization occur

when sperm and ovum meet in fallopian tube

zygote results move through fallopian tube toward uterus

when does pregnancy occur?

7 days after fertilzation

what is placenta?

a temporary, disc-shaped organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy, acting as a lifeline between the mother and developing baby

what is gestation

process of fetal development

pregnancy is divided into how many semesters

3 trimesters

what is the first trimester major event in pregnancy

major events include

• positive pregnancy result

• audible fetal heart tones on doppler ultrasound

• palpable uterine fundus at the pubic symphysis at week 12

what is the major events in second trimester in pregnancy

extends week 13 through 27

major events include

• fetal heart tones become audible with fetoscope

• female and male fetal gentiles can be found by ultrasound

• lungs become capable of respiration

what is the major events for the third trimester of pregnancy

extends from week 28 until due date, or week 40

major events:

• presence of papillary light reflex in fetus

• descent of fetal head into pelvic inlet

• rupture of fetal membranes

what are the stages of labor

first stage: uterine wall begins to contract, cervix dilates

second stage: birth of baby occurs

third stage: placenta is expelled