MGT 3101: Module One

__________ is the field of study devoted to understanding, explaining, and ultimately improving the attitudes and behaviors of individuals and groups in organizations.

Organizational Behavior

takes the theories and principles studies in OB and explores the “nuts and bolts” applications of those principles in organizations

a) Human Resource management

b) Strategic Management

a) Human Resource Management

Focuses on the “product choices and industry characteristics” that affect an organization’s profitability

a) Human Resource management

b) Strategic Management

b) Strategic Management

What are the two primary outcomes in studies of OB?

Job Performance

Organizational Commitment

What factors affect the two primary outcomes (Job Performance and Organizational Commitment)?

-Job satisfaction

-Stress

-Motivation

-Trust, Justice, and Ethics

-Learning and Decision Making

Do firms that are good at OB tend to be more profitable?

Yes

Resource-based view contains which three elements?

Financial Resources (revenue, equity)

Physical Resources (buildings, machines)

People (knowledge, skills, abilities), Org Culture

True or False

One size fits all

False; it all depends on an organization’s strategy

What is the rule of one-eighth?

states that only one-eigth of organizations will actually do what is required to build profits by putting their people first

What is the Smart-Talk Trap?

many companies have nice sounding value statements displayed in the lobby

What is organizational culture?

the people make the place

the real company values, as opposed to the nice-sounding values, are shown by who gets rewarded, who gets promoted, or let go

Test Example:

______ is a field of study devoted to understanding, explaning, and ultimately improving the attitudes and behaviors of individuals and groups in an organization

a) organizational behavior

b) strategic management

c) economic research

d) operations management

e) financial management

a) ob

which of the following statements about the resource-based view of organizations is false?

a) it suggsets that resources are valuable because they are rare

b) it describes what makes resources capable of creating long-term profits for the firm

c) it suggests that inimitable resources are of greater value to an organization

d) a firm’s resources include resources related to organizational behavior

e) it suggests that the value of resources depends on a single factor

e) it suggests that the value of resources depends on a single factor

how do we make a decision: what are the four methods?

method of experience

method of intuition

method of authority

method of science

people hold firmly to some belief because it is consistent with their own experience and observations

a) method of experience

b) method of intuition

c) method of authority

d) method of science

a) method of experience

people hold firmly to some belief because it “just stands to reason”—it seems obvious or self evident

a) method of experience

b) method of intuition

c) method of authority

d) method of science

b) method of intuition

people hold firmly to some belief because some respected official, agency, or source has said it is so

a) method of experience

b) method of intuition

c) method of authority

d) method of science

c) method of authority

people accept some belief because scientific studies have tended to replicate that result using a series of samples, settings, and methods

a) method of experience

b) method of intuition

c) method of authority

d) method of science

d) method of science

what is the cycle of the scientific method?

theory, hypotheses, data, verification

what is theory?

5W and 1H

-a collection of assertions (both verbal and symbolic) that specifies how and why variables are related, as well as the conditions under which they should (and should not) be related

-tells a story

what is hypotheses?

written predictions that specifcy relationships between variables

what are the two types of study variables?

independent (x): what

dependent variable (y): what

mediator (M): why & how?

moderator (Z): when, where, who?

what does correlation (R) represent?

-describes the statistical relationship between two variables

-can be positive or negative and range from 0 (no statistical relationship) to a plus or minus 1 (a perfect stat relationship)

-correlation squared is the variance in the outecome (r = .20 is 4%)

a .50 correlation is considered

a) strong

b) moderate

c) weak

a) strong

a .30 correlation is considered

a) strong

b) moderate

c) weak

b) moderate

a .10 correlation is considered

a) strong

b) moderate

c) weak

c) weak

theory comes

a) first

b) last

a) first

true or false

correlation prove causation

false

proving causation requires?

1) correlation

2) temporal precedence

3) elimination of alternative explanations

what is meta-analysis?

takes alll of the correlations found in studies of a particular relationship and calculates a weighted average

-foundation for evidence-based management

Test Examples:

Correlation can be positive or negative and can range from

a) -1 and +1

b) -2 to +2

c) 0 to +100

d) -10 to 0

e) -100 to +100

a) -1 and +1

which of these is one of the conditions necessary to establish causal inferences?

a) the two variables are not correlated

b) multiple alt explanations exist for the correlation

c) the presumed cause precedes the presumed effect in time

d) the study was conducted in an open environment

e) the sample size is large enough

c) the presumed cause precedes the presumed effect in time

the desire on the part of an employee to remain a member of the organization is called?

organizational commitment

what are the three sectors of organizational commitment?

affective commitment

continuance commitment

normative commitment

three reason sectors of organizational commitment?

emotion-based reasons

cost-based reasons

obligation-based reasons

what are the four primary responses to negative events at work?

exit

voice

loyalty

neglect

active, destructive response by which an individual either ends or restricts organizational membership

a) exit

b) voice

c) loyalty

d) neglect

a) exit

an active, constructive response in which individuals attempt to improve the situation

a) exit

b) voice

c) loyalty

d) neglect

b) voice

a passive, constructive response that maintains public support for the situation while the individual privately hopes for improvement

a) exit

b) voice

c) loyalty

d) neglect

c) loyalty

defined as a passive, destructive response in which interest and effort in the job declines

a) exit

b) voice

c) loyalty

d) neglect

d) neglect

what is withdrawal behavior?

a set of actions (examples: exit and neglect) that employees perform to avoid the work situation

one study found that ___% of employees’ time was spent working while ___% was spent for personal time or breaks

it was about 50-50

Psychological withdrawal is?

a) exit

b) neglect

b) neglect

physical withdrawal is?

a) exit

b) neglect

a) exit

what is the relationship between organizational commitment and withdrawal?

they are inversely proportional

what is the 80/20 rule?

80 percent working; 20 percent personal time at work

was the 4-day work week at Google a success?

yse!

overall organizational commitment increases as what two things decrease?

psychological withdrawal (neglect)

and physical withdrawal (exit)

Test Example:

employees who feel a sense of _____ commitment tend to engage in more interpersonal and organizational citizenship behaviors, such as helping, sportsmanship, and boosterism

a) normative

b) evaluative

c) affective

d) proactive

e) continuance

c) affective

Test Example:

Organizational commitment should decrease the likelihood that an individual will respond to a negative work event with ____ or ____.

a) exit; neglect

b) loyalty; neglect

c) neglect; voice

d) exit; voice

e) exit; loyalty

a) exit; neglect

the real company values, as oppose to the nice-sounding values, are shown by who gets?

rewarded, promoted, or let go

a _______ variable is one that explains the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable

a) mediator (why and how?)

b) moderator (when, where, who?)

a) mediator

_________ variable is one that influences that strength of a relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable

a) mediator (why and how?)

b) moderator (when, where, and who)

b) moderator

data —> information —> knowledge equates to?

correlation

true or false

the best way to test a theory is to conduct many studies, each of which is as different as possible from the ones that preceded it

true

meta-analysis can then form the foundation for ________ management—the use of scientific findings to inform management education and practice

evidence-based

the value of the set of employee behaviors that contribute, either positively or negatively, to organizational goal accomplishment

job performance

involves well-known responses to demands that occur in a normal, routine, or otherwise predictable way

a) routine task performance

b) adaptive task performance

a) routine task performance

involves employee responses to task demands that are novel, unusual, or at the very least, unpredictable

a) routine task performance

b) adaptive task performance

b) adpative task performance

___________ is the degree to which individuals develop ideas or outcomes that are both novel and useful

creative task performance

many organizations identify task peformance behaviors by conducting a __________

job analysis

task information from the database should be supplemented with information regarding behaviors that support the organization’s ______ and______

value and strategy

although task performance behaviors vary across jobs, all jobs contain two other performance dimensions: what are they?

citizenship behavior

counterproductive behavior

what is citizenship behavior?

voluntary activites that may or may not be rewarded to the organization by improving the quality of the setting where work occurs

helps others who have been absent even though it is not required, helps others with heavy work load, takes time to listens to others’ problems, conserves/protects organizational property, does not take extra breaks are examples of?

citizenship behavior survey items

does citizenship behavior matter? yes, what are the two main reasons?

relevant in virtually any job

become even more vital during organizational crises

what is counterproductive behavior?

employee behaviors that intentionally hinder organizational goal accomplishment

-made a slur, silent treatment, teasing, fake sick, ignorance are examples of?

counterproductive work behavior

does counterproductive behvaior matter?

yes lots of annual costs

true or false

counterproductive behavior is relevant to any job

true resources could be wasted

counterproductive behavoir has a strong negative correlation with citizenship behavior but only ______ related or not related to?

task performance

true or false

there is evidence that people who engage in one form of counterproductive behavior also engage in tohers

true

pattern of behaviors related to incidents

progression/escalation

negative tit for tat

test question:

Property deviance includes

a) interpersonal and organizational behaviors

b) sabatoage and theft

c) gossipping and incivility

d) harassesment and abuse

e) wasting resources and substance abuse

b) sabatoage and theft

Natelie, Rose, and Charlet are three dental hygenist example: they represent high levels of?

a) interpersonal citizenship behavior

b) routine task performance

c) adaptive task performance

d) centralized behavior

a) interpersonal citizenship behavior

Test Example:

For a kindergarden teacher, assisting her students out of a smoke-filled elementary school is an example of?

a) citizenship behavior

b) routine task performance

c) job dissonance

d) counterproductive hevaior

e) adaptive task performance

e) adaptive task performance

behaviors that benefit coworkers and colleagues and involve assisting, supporting, and developing other organizational members in a way that goes beyond normal job expectations. what is this called?

interpersonal citizenship behavior

involves assisting coworkers who have heavy workloads, etc.

a) helping

b) courtsey

c) sportsmanship

a) helping

refers to keeping coworkers informed about matters relevant to them

a) helping

b) courtsey

c) sportsmanship

b) courtesy

keeping coworkers informed about matters that are relevant to them

a) helping

b) courtsey

c) sportsmanship

b) courtsey

involves maintaining a good attitude with coworkers even when they’ve done something annoying

a) helping

b) courtsey

c) sportsmanship

c) sportsmanship

behaviors that benefit the large cooperation by supporting and defending the company, working to improve its operations, and being especially loyal to it is called?

organizational citizenship behavior

involves speaking up and offering constructive suggestions for change

a) voice

b) civic virtue

c) boosterism

a) voice

requires patricipating in the company’s operations at a deeper than normal level

a) voice

b) civic virtue

c) boosterism

b) civic virtue

means representing the organization in a positive way when out in public, away from the office, and away from work

a) voice

b) civic virtue

c) boosterism

c) boosterism

directed against the organization focuses specifically on reducing the efficiency of work output is called?

production deviance

is the most common form of production deviance, when employees use too many materials or too much time to do little work is called?

a) wasting resources

b) susbtance abuse

a) wasting resources

is the abuse of drugs or alcohol brefore coming to work or while on the job

substance abuse

refers to behaviors that harm the organization’s assests and possesions

property deviance

represents the purposeful destruction of physical equipment, organizational processes, or company products

sabotage

represents another form of property deviance and can be just as expensive as sabotage

theft

refers to behaviors that intentionally disadvantage other inviduals rather than the larger organization

political deviance

gossipping and incivility are forms of what type of deviance?

political deviance

is having casual conversations about other people in which the facts are not confirmed as true

gossipping

represents communication that is discourteous, and lacking in good manners

incivility

refers to hostile verbal and physical actions directed toward other employees

personal aggression

_________ occurs when employees are subjected to unwanted physical contact or verbal remakrs from a colleague

harassment

occurs when an employee is assaulted or endangered in such a way that physical and pyschological injuries may occur

abuse

pyschological withdrawal symptoms are?

daydreaming, socializing, looking busy, moonlighting (using work time to complete duties for another job), cyberloafinng (using resources for personal enjoyment)

physical withdrawal symptoms incliude?

tardiness

long breaks

missing meetings

absenteeism

quitting