bio 9/10 cellular respiration vocab

respiration

the process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen

anaerobic

process that does not require oxygen

aerobic

process that requires oxygen

glycolysis

first set of reactions in cellular respiration during which a molecule of glucose is broken into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid

mitochondrion

cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use

krebs cycle

second stage of cellular respiration in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions

electron transport chain

series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy electrons during ATP-generating reactions

fermentation

process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen

producer

an organism that creates its own food, typically through photosynthesis (using sunlight) or chemosynthesis (using chemical energy)

lactic acid fermentation

an anaerobic process that converts glucose into cellular energy and lactic acid

alcoholic fermentation

an anaerobic biochemical process where organisms like yeast or bacteria convert sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide