DAILY REVIEW BIO LEC CHPT2Chemical Bonding and Molecular Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering key chemical bonding terms, including atomic interactions, covalent types, electronegativity, partial charges, and hydrogen bonds based on the lecture transcript.

Molecule

Two or more atoms joined together and held together by chemical bonds.

Chemical bond

What holds atoms together in molecules.

Ion

An atom that has gained or lost electrons and now has a charge.

Ionic bond

The attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion after electrons are transferred.

Covalent bond

A bond where atoms share valence electrons so they can become stable.

Octet rule

Atoms tend to be stable when they have $8$ valence electrons.

Single covalent bond

Two shared electrons.

Double covalent bond

Four shared electrons.

Triple covalent bond

Six shared electrons.

Nonpolar covalent bond

A covalent bond where atoms share electrons equally.

Polar covalent bond

A bond where atoms share electrons unequally, causing partial charges.

Electronegativity

How strongly an atom pulls on shared electrons.

Partial charge

A slight positive or negative charge caused by unequal sharing of electrons, where the atom pulling negative electrons toward itself more strongly becomes partially negative and the other becomes partially positive.

Hydrogen bond

The attraction between a partially positive hydrogen and a partially negative oxygen or nitrogen, caused by partial charges that already exist.