muscoskeletal system

skeleton functions

* supports the body
* protects the internal organs
* stores fat and minerals

what type of blood cells does bone make?

red/white blood cells and platelets

which bones protect the internal organs of the torso?

ribs

which bones protect the brain?

skull

which bones protect the spinal cord?

vertabrae

long bone

* long, thin shape
* found in the…
* arms
* legs

short bones

* squat, cubed shape
* found in the…
* wrist
* ankles

flat bones

* flattened, broad surface
* found in the…
* ribs
* shoulder blades
* breastbone
* skull bones

irregular bones

* shape that does not conform to the 3 other types
* found in the spine (vertabrae)

how many bones are in the adult human skeleton?

206

name 2 bones that can be found in the head

* cranium
* mandible

name 3 bones in the arm (excluding hand)

* humerus
* ulna
* radius

name 4 bones in the leg (excluding feet)

* tibia
* fibula
* femur
* patella

hinge joint

* back and forth movement
* found in the…
* fingers
* knees
* elbows

ball and socket joint

* circular motion
* found in the…
* shoulders
* hips

pivot joint

* motion around a singular pivot point
* found in the neck

plane/gliding join

* sliding movement between 2 bones
* found in the wrist

fixed joint

* no movement
* found in the…
* tailbone
* skull

what is cartilage?

rubbery, whitish, and flexible connective tissue found in various places

how does cartilage help the movement of bones?

it coats the end of the bones and allows bones to glide over each other with little friction

what is the major difference between tendons and ligaments?

tendons connect muscles to bones (m2b), while ligaments connect bones to bones (b2b)

muscle functions

* allow us to move
* generate heat
* protect + support internal organs

what is one way that the skeletal system can generate heat?

shivering

what are 3 ways that the muscular system causes movement for other body systems?

1. respiratory system: muscles enable breathing
2. circulatory system: muscles circulates bloog
3. digestive system: passes food through body

smooth muscle function

contracts in waves to produce involuntary movement in internal organs

cardiac muscle function

makes the heart contract and relax. also pumps blood throughout the body (involuntary)

skeletal muscle function

muscle that is attached to bones and allows for movement. the skeletal muscles are under conscious control (voluntary)

contractility

ability to shorten

excitability

ability to respond to stimuli

extensibility

ability to be stretched

elasticity

ability to bounce back to its original length

steps of muscle contraction

1. a muscle is signaled to contract
2. myosin bins actin
3. myosin pulls on actin
4. this shortens the entire sarcomere unit which shortens the whole muscle

is a contracted muscle shortened or lengthened?

shortened

is a relaxed muscle shortened or lengthened?

lengthened

why do muscles have to work in pairs?

muscles can pull bones but can’t push them