APUSH Chapter 32: The Great Depression and The New Deal

Franklin D. Roosevelt

32nd President of the United States. Was Pres. during most of the Great Depression and most of World War II.

Eleanor Roosevelt

FDR's Wife and New Deal supporter. Was a great supporter of civil rights and opposed the Jim Crow laws. She also worked for birth control and better conditions for working women

Brain Trust

Group of expert policy advisers who worked with FDR in the 1930s to end the great depression

New Deal

A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942, to end the Great Depression. (didn't end the GD)

Glass-Steagall Act

The 1933 law that established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, to protect individuals' bank accounts.

FDIC

A federally sponsored corporation that insures accounts in national banks and other qualified institutions.

CCC

It was Relief that provided work for young men 18-25 years old in food control, planting, flood work, etc.

Harry Hopkins

Former New York social worker who became an influential FDR adviser and head of several New Deal agencies. Head of the Federal Emergency Relief Act program.

AAA

Attempted to regulate agricultural production through farm subsidies; ruled unconstitutional in 1936; disbanded after World War II.

Father Coughlin

Democrat who didn't approve of the New Deal and used the radio to gain support for FDR.

Francis Townshend

An American physician who was best known for his revolving old-age pension proposal during the Great Depression.

Huey Long

"Kingfish" Rep. senator of LA; pushed "Share Our Wealth" program and make "Every Man a King' at the expense of the wealthy; assassinated

Gerald L.K. Smith

Became the Share the Wealth program leader when Long was assassinated.

Federal Art Project

Division of the Works Progress Administration that hired unemployed artists to create artworks for public buildings and sponsored art-education programs and exhibitions.

NRA

Established and administered a system of industrial codes to control production, prices, labor relations, and trade practices.

Dust Bowl

Region of the Great Plains that experienced a drought in 1930 lasting for a decade, leaving many farmers without work or substantial wages.

TVA

Created in 1933 in order to provide navigation, flood control, electricity generation, fertilizer manufacturing, and economic development in the Tennessee Valley, a region particularly impacted by the Great Depression.

Social Security Act

Created a tax on workers and employers. That money provided monthly pensions for retired people.

Wagner Act

Guaranteed the right of unions to organize and to collectively bargain with management.

Flint Sit Down Strike

This strike forced General Motors to recognize the United Auto Workers and led to the unionization of the auto industry.

Fair Labor Standards Act

1938 act which provided for a minimum wage and restricted shipments of goods produced with child labor.

20th Amendment

Congress begins on January 30th; President starts on January 20th. "Lame-duck" Amendment.

Court-Packing Plan

FDR's failed plan to pack the court with hand-picked judges.

Keynesianism

The belief the government must manage the economy by spending more money when in a recession and cutting spending when there is inflation.

Frances Perkins

U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945, and the first woman ever appointed to the cabinet.

Mary McLeod Bethune

United States educator who worked to improve race relations and educational opportunities for Black Americans (1875-1955).

Robert Wagner

Senator from New York who helped to set the National Labor Relations Act.