Design Engineering OCR Alevel

OCR Design Engineering flash Cards imported from quizlet

User-centred Design

outlines the phases throughout a design and development life-cycle all while focusing on gaining a deep understanding of who will be using the product.

SWOT analysis

strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats

Qualitative

relating to, measuring, or measured by the quality of something rather than its quantity.

Entrepreneurship

the process of starting, organizing, managing, and assuming the responsibility for a business

venture capitalist

an investor who either provides capital to startup ventures or supports small companies that wish to expand but do not have access to equities markets.

crowd funding

the practice of funding a project or venture by raising small amounts of money from a large number of people, typically via the Internet.

Ergonomics

the study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment

anthropometric data

information relating to the sizes of humans and the specific distances between parts of the body

Inclusive design

The design of mainstream products and/or services so that they are accessible and usable by as many people as possible without the need for adaptation or specialised design.

functionality

The degree to which a system performs its intended function

Marketing

the process by which companies create value for customers and build strong customer relationships in order to capture value from customers in return

Branding

The promotion of a product or service by identifying it with distinct characteristics (usually associated with public perception, quality or effectiveness)

Fitness for purpose

Equates quality with the fulfillment of a specification or stated outcomes

social media

any tool or service that uses the internet to facilitate conversations

Product lifecycle

introduction, growth, maturity, decline

Lifecycle Assessment (LCA)

a method to determine the entire environmental impact of a product or material that includes all of the stages of it's life, from initial extraction, manufacturing transport, use and disposal.

planned obsolescence

the strategy of deliberately designing products to fail in order to shorten the time between purchases

design for manufacture (DFM)

is the general engineering practice of designing products in such a way that they are easy to manufacture

Trend

A general direction in which something is developing or changing

Sustainability

Avoidance of the depletion of natural resources

Thermoplastic

a plastic that softens when heated and hardens again when cooled to make a new form. This can happen an indefinite number of times

Smart material

Materials that have been designed to have one or more properties that can be modified when subject to an external stimuli in a way that the output can be controlled.

Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS)

The maximum tensile strength a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before breaking

durability

The ability to withstand wear or damage. Also refers to the ability to resist weathering and to last. It is important if abrasion/cutting might take place or if the material is in harsh outdoor environments. Eg. Teak.

stiffness

The resistance of an elastic body to deflection or bending by an applied force. Rigidity or firmness of a material. It is important when maintaining shape is crucial to performance. Eg. Aircraft wing, plank....

Brittleness

A brittle material breaks or shatters before it deforms. Eg. White cast iron, glass...

Machinability

The ease of a material to be cut or shaped by machine tools

Elasticity

The ability of a material to bounce back after being deformed.

Ductility

the ability of a substance to be drawn, pulled, or extruded into a wire

electrical conductivity

the measure of a material's ability to conduct electricity

Placticity

The ability of a material material to deform permanently without breaking or rupturing

Hardness

A measure of the ability of a mineral to resist scratching

Malleability

Property that enables material to reform by compressive forces without developing defects. A malleable material can be stamped, hammered, forged, pressed or rolled into thin sheets. Eg. Aluminium.

corrosion resistance

A materials ability to resist damage by other elements and chemicals eg oxidising

impact resistance

ability of material to withstand a significant force over a short amount of time (impulse) applied to small area without fracturing

thermal conductivity

The ability of an object to transfer heat

tensile strength

A measure of how much stress from pulling, or tension, a material can withstand before breaking. Breaking force (N) / cross-sectional area (m^2)

What is the purpose of H&S legislation?

To reduce RISK

risk assessment

evaluation of the short-term and long-term risks associated with a particular activity or hazard

PPE (personal protective equipment)

Personal Protective Equipment e.g. goggles, aprons, ear protection

Control measure

An action that eliminates, prevents or reduces a hazard to an acceptable level of risk to reduce the risk life, health or property.

COSHH (Control of substance Hazardous to health)

Regulation that places duty on employers- make assessment of risk involving exposure to substances hazardous to health.

Steps need to be taken to prevent or control adequately the exposure of these substances

product labelling

Labels must not be misleading about things like:

quantity or size
the price
what it's made of
how, where and when it was made
what you say it can do
the people or organisations that endorse it
You must include safety information for products that could be dangerous.

Rules for retailers

If you're a retailer, you must display:

the price of products - this must be in sterling (pounds and pence) and include VAT where applicable
the price of a single item (the 'unit price') for products that you sell loose
metric measures (like kilograms, centimetres or litres) for unit pricing - except for some products (for example, beer is still sold in pints)

BSI

British Standards Institution