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Routine order
Orders that are carried out as specified until they are canceled by another order.
Standing orders
Medications that are administered in certain situations and have specified limitations.
PRN order
Medication that is given when the patient requests or requires it.
One-time order
Medication that is carried out only once at a specific time.
Stat order
Medication given only once and carried out immediately.
Patient-controlled analgesia order (PCA)
Allows the patient to control administration of an intravenous analgesic for pain management.
The seven parts of a medication order
Include patient’s name, date and time order written, name of drug, dosage, route, frequency, and signature of prescribing provider.
Pharmacokinetics
How the body processes a drug, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
Pharmacodynamics
The drug's effects on the body, including therapeutic effects, side effects, and adverse effects.
Medication reconciliation
The process of comparing a patient’s current medication orders with all medications they are taking to avoid errors during transitions in care.
Right medication
Ensures that the correct medication is administered to the patient.
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs)
Harmful or unintended responses to a drug at normal dosages.
Additive effect
When two drugs with similar actions are combined, their effects can add up.
Synergistic effect
When two drugs work together to produce a stronger effect than they would individually.
Antagonistic effect
When one drug reduces or blocks the effect of another.
Idiosyncratic effect
Unpredictable and unusual responses to a drug, often due to genetic differences in drug metabolism.
Needlestick prevention
Following safety measures such as never recapping needles after injections to avoid accidental needle sticks.
Z-track method
Injection technique recommended for IM injections to prevent medication leakage into subcutaneous tissue.
