Diet Planning Principles and Nutritional Guidelines

Diet

The foods a person eats.

Pomegranate seeds

Contains Fiber, Vitamins C, K, E, B6, Folate, and Minerals: Magnesium, Potassium.

Tomato

Contains Fiber and Vitamins A, C.

Diet Planning

Can help prevent serious chronic diseases and helps to control serious chronic diseases.

Adequacy

Getting enough calories and nutrients.

Balance

Combinations of food that give us enough of different nutrients.

Energy Control

Calories that we eat match up with our energy needs.

Nutrient Density

Variety and amount of nutrients in relationship to how many calories consumed.

Moderation

Eating mostly nutrient dense foods, and consuming foods that are not nutrient dense some of the time.

Variety

Selection of foods from each food group and creating variations.

Crash Diets

Diets that often end early because they are too restrictive.

Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), 2021-2025

Healthy eating patterns include a variety of vegetables, fruits, grains, fat-free or low-fat dairy, protein foods, and oils.

USDA Food groups

Fruits, Grains, Vegetables, Proteins, Dairy.

Nutrition Facts Panel Requirements

Must include serving sizes, calorie count, information regarding fats, carbohydrates, sodium, cholesterol, protein, and any added sugars.

Nutrient claim

On the label of a product, it may say 'Light and Fat free'.

Health Claim

On the label of a product, it may say 'Oatmeal can Help Reduce cholesterol' requiring FDA approval.

Qualified health claim

Suggests a food is connected to a decrease or increase in something, based on emerging knowledge.

Structure function claim

Suggests that a food can help the body function in a better way, such as 'Supports Immunity & Digestive Health' without needing FDA approval.

Whole Grain

Contains bran, germ, and endosperm (without the outer husk).

Refined

Contains bran, germ, and husk removed from the grain, leaving only the endosperm.

Enriched

Nutrients that are lost during processing are added back in.

Fortified

Nutrients added during processing may not have been naturally present in food.

Phytonutrients

They are not actually a nutrient, but they provide health benefits.

Flavonoids

A type of phytonutrient.

Phytochemicals

A type of phytonutrient.

Flavones

A type of phytonutrient.

Isoflavones

A type of phytonutrient.

Catechins

A type of phytonutrient.

Anthocyanidins

A type of phytonutrient.

Isothiocyanates

A type of phytonutrient.

Carotenoids

A type of phytonutrient.

Allyl sulfides

A type of phytonutrient.

Polyphenols

A type of phytonutrient.

Beta-carotene

Associated with orange and dark leafy green foods.

Lycopene

Found in red/pink plant foods such as watermelon, tomato, and red bell peppers.

Lutein

Beneficial for eye health. Found in the macula of the eye.

Eating patterns

Combination of many different foods and beverages over days, months, and years.

Adequacy

A diet providing sufficient energy and nutrients for the subject.

Balance

Helps ensure adequacy by consuming different types of foods in proportion.

K(calorie) control

Planning foods that match the energy that the body needs to sustain metabolism & physical activity.

Nutrient density

Selecting nutrient dense foods, finding foods that provide nutrients, and also maintaining other principles.

Empty calorie foods

Foods that contribute energy without many nutrients.

Nutrient profiling

Ranking foods based on their nutrient composition.

Moderation

Enough but not too much of a substance.

Solid fats

Fats that are solid at room temperature.

Variety

Improves nutrient adequacy. Having multiple different foods for an array of nutrients.

Dietary Guidelines for Americans

Evidence-based document to develop federal food, nutrition, health policies, and program.

Food group plans

Building a diet from clusters of foods similar in nutrient content.

USDA Food groups

Fruits, Vegetables, grains, protein foods, milk.

Energy needs for sedentary adults

Decrease by 200kcal per period of life.

Vegetable group of USDA food patterns

Has 5 subgroups: Dark green vegetables, Orange vegetables, Legumes, Starchy vegetables, Other vegetables.

Protein subgroups

Includes Seafoods, Meats, poultry, and eggs, Nuts, seeds, and soy products.

Discretionary kcalories

What remains after the body consumes what's necessary after maintaining energy intake.

Healthy Eating Index

Assessment tool for eating.

Refined grains

Have lost their nutrients.

Enriched grains

Have had their nutrients added back.

Whole grains

Have retained all their nutrients and fiber from the original grain.

Fortified

Nutritional value added back.

Daily values

References by the FDA for food labels.

%DV

Percentage of a daily value recommendation within the product.

Low %Daily Value

5% or less is low for %Daily Value.

High %Daily Value

20% or more is high for %Daily Value.

Nutrient claims

Must meet FDA regulations and definitions.

Health claims

Describe the correlation between foods and nutrients or foods and disease.

Qualified health claims

Must use language that indicates evidence supporting the claim is limited.

Structure function claims

Do not need FDA approval and cannot mention a specific disease or symptom.