22.2 Mass Spectrometry cont

m/e of ⁵⁴Fe²⁺ = __/__ = __

54/2 = 27

M⁺ can give m__ __

molecular mass

M⁺ is formed when 1__ is r__ from a molecule → ion (NO a__ removed)

e-, removed, atoms

F__ can cause bonds to break e.g. CH₃ breaks off CH₃COCH₃

fragmentation

M+1
> small peak to the __ of __ peak is always present bc __% of all C atoms exist as C-__

right, M+, 1.1, 13

M+1 formula (# of C atoms =)

100/1.1 x M+1 abundance/M+ abundance

M+2: Cl
Ø  Cl exists as 2 isotopes, ^__Cl & ^__Cl
Ø  If compound has 1 Cl atom, __ molecular ion peaks are present bc of 2 diff. isotopes:
o     ³⁵Cl → M⁺ ;; ³⁷Cl → M+2           ratio is __:1 as ³⁵Cl rel. abundance is 3 x ³⁷Cl
Ø  If compound has 2 Cl atoms, __ molecular ion peaks are present bc:
o     ³⁵Cl + ^__Cl → M⁺ ;; ³⁵Cl + ^__Cl → M+2 ;; ³⁷Cl + ³⁷Cl → M+4        __:__:__

35, 37, 2, 3, 3, 35, 37, 9:3:1

M+2: Br
Ø  Br exists as 2 isotopes, ^__Br & ^__Br
Ø  If compound has 1 Br atom, __ molecular ion peaks are present bc of 2 diff. isotopes:
o     ⁷⁹Br → M⁺ ;; ⁸¹Br → M+2          ratio is __:1 as rel. abundances are same
Ø  If compound has 2 Br atoms, __ molecular ion peaks are present bc:
o     ⁷⁹Br + ^__Br → M⁺ ;; ⁷⁹Br + ^__Br → M+2 ;; ⁸¹Br + ⁸¹Br → M+4     __:__:__

79, 81, 2, 1, 3, 79, 81, 1:2:1

Br₂ → Br₂⁺ + __
> SOME fragments: Br₂⁺ → __ + Br⁺
>> Br passes (it’s an a__)
>> Br⁺ gives lines at __ & 81 (bc of 2 isotopes)
> the Br₂⁺ that didn’t fragment gives __ peaks (bc 2 Br):
>> 79 + 79 = 158 (__)
>> 79 + 81 = 160 (__)
>> 81 + 81 = 162 (M+4)

e-, Br, atom, 79, 3, M+, M+2