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The vocal folds are made up of a
Mucosal lining
What joints are found within the laryngeal system?
Cricoarytenoid and Cricothyroid
What muscle provides rigidity to the vocal mechanism such as during the process of singing?
Thyrovocalis
What nerve can become compromised during severe surgeries (ex: heart surgery, anti-reflux) that the scope of the SLP may need to test it’s function?
X Vagus
What are the PAIRED cartilages of larynx?
Corniculate, Cuniform, and Arytenoid
What are the changeable elements of the vocal folds that contribute to pitch change?
Tension, Length, and Mass.
Restoring forces for vocal fold vibration include
Elasticity, Stiffness, and Inertia
What needs to happen to increase intensity?
Medial Compression, and Subglottal Pressure increase.
The pitch varies as a function of gender and age and is the most efficient frequency of vibration for a given individual
Optimal Pitch
Pitch is the psychological correlate of
Frequency
Adduction occurs when the arytenoids
Rock, Glide, and Rotate
Non-speech laryngeal function is
Protection of the airway
In the vertical mode of phonation, the vocal folds open from to and close to
Inferior, superior; Inferior’ superior
Loudness is the psychological correlate of
Amplitude
This theory explains that sound is produced by the vibration of membranous layer of the vocal folds over the intermediate and deep layers of the vocal folds
Cover Body Theory
Which cranial bones are PAIRED?
Parietal, and Temporal
Another word for canine teeth is what?
Cuspids
Intrinsic tongue muscles are?
Vertical, Superior longitudinal, Inferior longitudinal, and Transverse.
The nasal bone forms the _ of the upper nose
Bridge
Identify the structure (looks like a butterfly)
Sphenoid bone
Coarticulation is
overlapping effect of one articulatory gesture on another & explained by the dynamic action theory
Balance is NOT necessary to establish neck control and subsequent isolated lingual movements
False
Muscle differentiation is important for speech development
True
Consonants are produced by
Closure or narrowing of the vocal tract
The mandibular muscles used during elevation…
play a role in speech clarity & contain muscle spindles
Children typically grow cephalocaudally which mean…
they grow head to toe
Cleft palate can occur with or without cleft lip
True
The phonatory system changes very little from infancy to adulthood
False
Elevates the mandible
Masseter #9
Pulls upper lip up
Zygomaticus minor #2
Zygomatic major
#3
Pulls corner of the lip laterally
Risorius #4
Engaged during the production of bilabial consonants
Orbicularis oris #10
Frontalis
Muscle that raises the eyebrows and causes forehead wrinkles #13
Wrinkles the chin
Mentalis #8
Pulls corner of lips down
#6
Pulls mandible down
#15
Nasalis
#11
What does aspiration mean?
Food goes below the level of the vocal folds
What is dysphagia?
A swallowing disorder
When does the pharyngeal phase of swallowing typically start?
When the bolus reaches the faucial pillars
What reflexes are involved for the newborn to gain nutrition?
Rooting
Which instrument is considered the “gold standard” when evaluating for swallowing disorders?
MBSS (modified barium swallow study)
The initiative to standardize dysphagia diets is the
IDDSI
What muscle groups are involved in the pharyngeal phase of the swallow?
Tongue, soft palate, pharyngeal, and laryngeal muscles
During what stage of swallowing is the bolus transported through the esophagus?
Esophageal
Which stage of swallowing process involves moving unchewed food onto the grinding surface of the teeth, chewing it, and mixing it with saliva?
Oral preparatory
What reflexes persist into adulthood?
Pain withdraw and coughing