Study guide CH. 4-8

The vocal folds are made up of a

Mucosal lining

What joints are found within the laryngeal system?

Cricoarytenoid and Cricothyroid

What muscle provides rigidity to the vocal mechanism such as during the process of singing?

Thyrovocalis

What nerve can become compromised during severe surgeries (ex: heart surgery, anti-reflux) that the scope of the SLP may need to test it’s function?

X Vagus

What are the PAIRED cartilages of larynx?

Corniculate, Cuniform, and Arytenoid

What are the changeable elements of the vocal folds that contribute to pitch change?

Tension, Length, and Mass.

Restoring forces for vocal fold vibration include

Elasticity, Stiffness, and Inertia

What needs to happen to increase intensity?

Medial Compression, and Subglottal Pressure increase.

The pitch varies as a function of gender and age and is the most efficient frequency of vibration for a given individual

Optimal Pitch

Pitch is the psychological correlate of

Frequency

Adduction occurs when the arytenoids

Rock, Glide, and Rotate

Non-speech laryngeal function is

Protection of the airway

In the vertical mode of phonation, the vocal folds open from to and close to

Inferior, superior; Inferior’ superior

Loudness is the psychological correlate of

Amplitude

This theory explains that sound is produced by the vibration of membranous layer of the vocal folds over the intermediate and deep layers of the vocal folds

Cover Body Theory

Which cranial bones are PAIRED?

Parietal, and Temporal

Another word for canine teeth is what?

Cuspids

Intrinsic tongue muscles are?

Vertical, Superior longitudinal, Inferior longitudinal, and Transverse.

The nasal bone forms the _ of the upper nose

Bridge

Identify the structure (looks like a butterfly)

Sphenoid bone

Coarticulation is

overlapping effect of one articulatory gesture on another & explained by the dynamic action theory

Balance is NOT necessary to establish neck control and subsequent isolated lingual movements

False

Muscle differentiation is important for speech development

True

Consonants are produced by

Closure or narrowing of the vocal tract

The mandibular muscles used during elevation…

play a role in speech clarity & contain muscle spindles

Children typically grow cephalocaudally which mean…

they grow head to toe

Cleft palate can occur with or without cleft lip

True

The phonatory system changes very little from infancy to adulthood

False

Elevates the mandible

Masseter #9

Pulls upper lip up

Zygomaticus minor #2

Zygomatic major

#3

Pulls corner of the lip laterally

Risorius #4

Engaged during the production of bilabial consonants

Orbicularis oris #10

Frontalis

Muscle that raises the eyebrows and causes forehead wrinkles #13

Wrinkles the chin

Mentalis #8

Pulls corner of lips down

#6

Pulls mandible down

#15

Nasalis

#11

What does aspiration mean?

Food goes below the level of the vocal folds

What is dysphagia?

A swallowing disorder

When does the pharyngeal phase of swallowing typically start?

When the bolus reaches the faucial pillars

What reflexes are involved for the newborn to gain nutrition?

Rooting

Which instrument is considered the “gold standard” when evaluating for swallowing disorders?

MBSS (modified barium swallow study)

The initiative to standardize dysphagia diets is the

IDDSI

What muscle groups are involved in the pharyngeal phase of the swallow?

Tongue, soft palate, pharyngeal, and laryngeal muscles

During what stage of swallowing is the bolus transported through the esophagus?

Esophageal

Which stage of swallowing process involves moving unchewed food onto the grinding surface of the teeth, chewing it, and mixing it with saliva?

Oral preparatory

What reflexes persist into adulthood?

Pain withdraw and coughing