AP Art History Identifiers

Apollo 11 Stones

25500 - 25300 BCE

Charcoal on stone

Namibia

Great Hall of the Bulls

15000 - 13000 BCE

Rock painting (w/ ochre)

Lascaux Caves, France

Camelid sacrum

14000 - 7000 BCE

Bone (sacrum)

Tequixquiac, Central Mexico

Running horned woman

6000 - 4000 BCE

Pigment on rock

Tassilin'Ajjer, Algeria

Beaker with ibex motifs

4200 - 3500 BCE

Painted terracotta

Susa, Iran

Anthropomorphic stele

4th millenium BCE

Sandstone

Arabian Peninsula

Jade cong

3300 - 2200 BCE

Carved jade (sand used to carve)

Liangzhu, China

Stonehenge

2500 - 1600 BCE

Sandstone megaliths (post and lintel)

Wiltshire, UK

The Ambum stone

1500 BCE

Greywacke (type of stone)

Ambum Valley, Enga Province (Papua New Guinea)

Tlatico female figure

1200 - 900 BCE

Ceramic

Tlatico, Valley of Mexico (central Mexico)

Terra cotta fragment

1000 BCE

Incised terra cotta

Solomon Islands

Lapita

White Temple and its ziggurat

3500 - 3000 BCE

Mud Brick

Uruk (modern Warka, Iraq)

Sumerian

Palette of King Narmer

3000 - 2920 BCE

Greywacke

Predynastic Egypt

Statues of votive figures from the Square Temple at Eshnunna

2700 BCE

Gypsum inlaid with shell and black limestone

Eshnunna (modern Tell Asmar, Iraq)

Sumerian

Seated Scribe

2620 - 2500 BCE (Old Kingdom, 4th Dynasty)

Painted limestone

Saqquara, Egypt

Standard of Ur from the royal tombs at Ur

2600 - 2400 BCE

Wood inlaid with shell, lapis lazuli, and red limestone

Ur (Modern Tell el-Muqayyar, Iraq)

Great Pyramid (Menkaure, Khafre, Khufu) and Great Sphinx

2500 - 2490 BCE (Old Kingdom, 4th Dynasty)

Cut limestone

Giza, Egypt

Menkaura and queen

2490 - 2472 BCE (Old Kingdom, 4th Dynasty)

Greywacke

Egypt

The Code of Hammurabi

1792 - 1750 BCE

Basalt

Babylon (Modern Iran)

Susian

Temple of Amun-Re and Hypostyle Hall

Temple: 1550 BCE; Hall: 1250 BCE (New Kingdom, 18th and 19th Dynasties)

Cut sandstone and mud brick

Kamak, near Luxor, Egypt

Mortuary Temple of Hatsheput

1473 - 1458 BCE (New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty)

Sandstone, partially carved into a rock cliff, and red granite

Near Luxor, Egypt

Akhenaton, Neferiti, and three daughters

1353 - 1335 BCE (New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty)

Limestone

Amarna, Egypt

Tutankhamun's tomb (innermost coffin)

1323 BCE (New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty)

Gold with inlay of enamel and semiprecious stones

Egypt

Last Judgement of Hu-Nefer (page from Book of the Dead)

1275 BCE (New Kingdom, 19th Dynasty)

Painted papyrus scroll

Egypt

Lamassu

720 - 705 BCE

Alabaster

The citadel of Sargon II, Dur Sharrukin (Modern Khorsabad, Iraq)

Neo-Assyrian

Athenian Agora

600 BCE - 150 CE

Plan

Archaic through Hellenistic Greek

Anavysos Kouros

530 BCE

Marble with remnants of paint

Archaic Greek

Peplos Kore from Acropolis

530 BCE

Marble, painted details

Archaic Greek

Sarcophagus of the Spouses

520 BCE

Terra cotta

Etruscan

Audience hall (apadana) of Darius and Xerxes

520 - 465 BCE

Limestone

Persepolis, Iran

Persian

Temple of Minerva and sculpture of Apollo

510 - 500 BCE

Original temple of wood, mud brick, or tufa (volcanic rock); terra cotta sculpture

Veii, near Rome, Italy

Master Sculptor Vulca, Etruscan

Tomb of the Triclinium

480 - 470 BCE

Tufa and fresco

Tarquinia, Italy

Etruscan

Niobides Krater

460 - 450 BCE

Clay, red figure technique (white highlights)

Anonymous vase painter of Classical Greece known as the “Niobid Painter”

Doryphoros (spear bearer)

Original: 450 - 440 BCE

Roman copy (marble) of greek original (bronze)

Polykleitos

Acropolis

447 - 410 BCE

Marble

Athens, Greece

Iktinos and Kallikrates

Grave Stele of Hegeso

410 BCE

Marble and paint

Attributed to Kallimachos

Classical Greek

Winged Victory of Samothrace

190 BCE

Marble

Hellenistic Greek

Great Altar of Zeus and Athena at Pergamon

175 BCE

Marble (architecture and sculpture)

Asia Minor (Present day Turkey)

Hellenistic Greek

House of the Vettii

2nd century BCE; rebuilt 62 - 79 CE

Cut stone and fresco

Pompeii, Italy

Imperial Rome

Alexander Mosaic

100 BCE

Mosaic

House of Faun, Pompeii

Republican Roman

Seated Boxer

100 BCE

Bronze

Hellenistic Greek

Head of a Roman partician

75 - 50 CE

Marble

Republican Roman

Augustus of Prima Porta

Early 1st century CE

Marble

Imperial Roman

Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater)

70 - 80 CE

Stone and concrete

Rome, Italy

Imperial Roman

Forum of Trajan (w/ Basilica Ulpia and Column of Trajan)

106 - 112 CE, Column completed in 113 CE

Brick and Concrete (architecture) and marble (column)

Imperial Rome

Pantheon

Apollodorus of Damascus (artist)

118-125 CE

Concrete with stone facing

Rome, Italy

Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus

250 CE

Marble

Late Imperial Rome

Catacomb of Priscilla

200-400 CE

Excavated tufa and fresco

Late Antique Europe

Santa Sabina

422-432 CE

Brick and stone, wooden roof

Late Antique Europe

Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well and Jacob Wrestling with the Angel, from Vienna Genesis

Early 6th century

Illuminated manuscript (Tempura, silver, and gold on purple vellum)

Early Byzantine Europe

San Vitale: Basillica, Justinian mosaic, and Theodora mosaic

526-547 CE

Brick, marble, and stone veneer, mosaic

Ravenna, Italy

Early Byzantine Europe

Hagia Sophia : Church, Theotokos Mosaic, Deesis Mosiac

Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus (artists)

532-537 CE

Brick and ceramic elements with stone and mosaic veneer

Early Byzantine Europe

Merovingian looped fibulae

Mid sixth century CE

Silver gilt worked in ligree with inlaid garnet and other stones

Early medieval Europe

Virgin (Theotokos) and Child between Saints Theodore and George

Sixth or early seventh century

Encaustic on wood

Early Byzantine Europe

Lindisfarne Gospels: St. Matthew, cross-carpet page; St. Luke portrait page; St. Luke incipit page.

700 C.E.

Illuminated manuscript (ink, pigments, and gold on vellum)

Early medieval (Hiberno Saxon) Europe

Great Mosque of Córdoba

Begun 785-786 CE, expanded in 9th and 10th centuries

Gold, stone, brick, marble

Umayyad

Pyxis of al-Mughira

968 CE

Ivory, jade

Umayyad

Church and Reliquary of Sainte-Foy

9th century with later additions

Stone (church), stone and paint (tympanum), gold, silver, gems, enamel over wood (Reliquary figure)

Romanesque Europe

Bayeux Tapestry

1070 CE

Embroidery on linen

Romanesque Europe (English or Norman)

Chartres Cathedral

Original construction 1145-1155, reconstructed 1194-1220 CE

Limestone, stained glass

Gothic Europe

Dedication page with Blanche of Castile and King Louis IX of France from Scenes of the Apocalypse from Bible Moralisees

1225-1245 CE

Illuminated manuscript (ink, tempera, and gold on vellum)

Rottgen Pieta

1300-1325 CE

Painted wood

Late Medieval/gothic Europe

Frescoes from Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel

Giotto di Bondone

1305-1306

Brick (architecture) and fresco

Late Gothic Europe

Gold Haggadah (Plagues of Europe, Scenes of Liberation, and Preparation for Passover)

1320 CE
Illuminated manuscript (Pigments and gold leaf on vellum)

Late Medieval Spain

Alhambra

Begun 1238, 1354-1391

Plaster, gypsum, wood, clay, tile, paint

Nasrid Dynasty, Spain

Annunciation Triptych (Merode Altarpiece)

Workshop of Robert Campin

1427-1432

Oil paint on wood

Renaissance Europe

Pazzi Chapel

Filippo Brunelleschi (architect)

1429-1461

Sandstone, terracotta masonry

Italian Renaissance

The Arnolfini Portrait

Jan Van Eyck (painter)

1434 CE

Oil paint on wood

Northern Renaissance

David

Donatello

1440-1460 CE

Bronze

Italian Renaissance

Palazzo Rucellai

Leon Battista Alberti

1446-1451

Stone masonry

Italian Renaissance

Madonna and Child with Two Angels

Fra Filippo Lippi

1460-1465 CE

Tempera on wood

Italian Renaissance

Birth of Venus

Sandra Botticelli

1483-1485 CE

Tempera on canvas

Italian Renaissance

Last Supper

Leonardo DaVinci

1495-1498

Oil and Tempera paints

Italian Renaissance

Adam and Eve

Albrecht Durer

1504

Engraving (paper and ink)

Northern Renaissance

Sistine Chapel ceiling and altar wall frescoes (Last Judgement Fresco)

Michelangelo

1534-1541

Fresco

Italian Renaissance

School of Athens

Rafael

1509-1511

Fresco

Italian Renaissance

Isenheim Altarpiece

Matthias Grunewald (painter), Nicolas of Hagenau (sculptor)

1512-1516

Oil and tempera paint on wood panel

Northern Renaissance

Entombment of Christ

Jacopo Pontormo

1525-1528

Tempera paint on wood

Italian Mannerism

Allegory of Law and Grace

Lucas Cranach the Elder

1529

Oil paint on wood

Northern Renaissance

Venus of Urbino

Titian

1538

Oil paint on canvas

Italian Renaissance

Frontispiece of the Codex Mendoza

Indigenous Artists

1541-1542

Pigment on paper

Colonial Spanish America

Church of Il Gesu and The Triumph in the Name of Jesus ceiling fresco

Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, Giacomo della Porta (church) and Giovanni Battista Gaulli (fresco)

1568-1584 (church) and 1672-1685 (fresco)

Stone and fresco

Italian Mannerism (church) and Italian Baroque (fresco)

Hunters in the Snow

Pieter Bruegel the Elder

1565

Oil paint on wood

Northern Renaissance

Mosque of Selim II

Mimar Sinan

1568-1575

Stone and brick

Ottoman Empire Turkey

Calling of St. Matthew

Caravaggio

1599-1600

Oil paint on canvas

Italian Baroque

Henri IV Receives Portrait of Marie de 'Medici

Peter Paul Rubens

1622-1625

Oil paint on canvas

Flemish Baroque

Self Portrait with Saskia

Rembrandt

1636

Etching (ink and paper)

Dutch Baroque

San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane

Francesco Borromini

1638-1646

Stone and stucco

Italian Baroque

Ecstasy of Saint Teresa

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

1647-1652

Marble

Italian Baroque

Angel with Arquebus

Master of Calamarca

17th century CE

Oil paint, gold, on canvas

Colonial Spanish American (modern day Bolivia)

Las Meninas

Diego Velázquez

1656

Oil paint on canvas

Spanish Baroque

Woman Holding a Balance

Johannes Vermeer

1664

Oil paint on canvas

Dutch baroque

The Palace of Versailles

Louis le Vau, André le Nôtre, Charles le Brun

1664-1710

Brick, slate, stone, gold, marble, gardens

French baroque

Screen with Siege of Belgrade and hunting scene

Circle of the González family

1697-1701

Screen with wood, oil paint, mother of pearl

Colonial Spanish American

The Virgin of Guadalupe

Miguel González

1698

Oil paint and mother of pearl on wood

Colonial Spanish American

Fruit and Insects

Rachel Ruysch

1711

Oil paint on wood

Dutch Baroque

Spaniard and Indian Produce a Mestizo

Juan Rodríguez Juárez

1715

Oil paint on canvas

Colonial Spanish American

The Tete a Tete from Marriage a la Mock

William Hogarth

1743

Oil on canvas

Age of Enlightenment

Portrait of Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz

Miguel Cabrera

1750

Oil paint on canvas

Colonial Spanish America

A Philosopher Giving a Lecture on the Orrery

Joseph Wright of Derby

1766

Oil on canvas

Age of Enlightenment