Exam 3 (lecture 1)

Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture that is uniform in composition and properties throughout.

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture where the components are not uniformly distributed and properties can vary.

Aqueous Solution

A solution in which water is the solvent.

Solvent

The component of a solution that is present in the greatest amount.

Solute

The component of a solution that is dissolved in the solvent.

Saturated Solution

A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature.

Dalton's Atomic Theory

The theory stating that matter is composed of atoms, which are indivisible and can combine in fixed ratios.

Proton

A positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

Neutron

A neutrally charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, determining the element.

Mass Number

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

Isotope

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons.

Natural Abundance

The relative percentage of each isotope of an element found in nature.

Molar Mass

The mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in grams per mole.

Mass Spectrometry

A technique used to determine the mass and abundance of different isotopes of an element.

Mole

A unit of measurement in chemistry that represents 6.022 x 10^23 particles of a substance.