Lec 11 Sacrum: Anatomy & Diagnosis

Flashcards summarizing key concepts and terms related to sacral anatomy and dysfunction diagnosis.

The __ test doesn’t tell you which PSIS is superior, just the dysfunctional side.

standing flexion

__ means slide.

Shear

__ means turning about an axis.

Rotation

The sacrum and lumbar spine move in __ directions during mechanics.

opposite

Overuse injuries can be caused by __ activities like yard work.

weekend warrior

__ injuries can occur from repetitive motions like office work.

Occupational

Motor vehicle accidents often result in __ injuries.

seat belt

The __ axis is the cranial axis during the motion of the pelvis and sacrum.

Superior Transverse

The __ axis is known as the sacral axis.

Middle Transverse

The __ axis is referred to as the pelvic/walking axis.

Inferior Transverse

Sacral flexion and extension dysfunctions occur around the __ axis.

Middle Transverse

When an individual flexes forward, the sacral base will move about the __.

middle transverse axis

L5 rotates in the __ direction than the sacrum during normal mechanics.

opposite

__ implicates a dysfunction at the sacriliac joint.

Seated Flexion Test (SFT)

The __ test indicates which side has the sacroiliac dysfunction.

Seated Flexion Test (SFT)

A negative SFT indicates __ sacroiliac dysfunction.

no

Symmetry improves in the Sphinx test indicates the sacrum can __.

flex

The __ test is positive if symmetry worsens, indicating part of the sacrum is stuck in extension.

Sphinx

During the spring test, if the lumbosacral spine resists motion, it indicates __ dysfunction.

extension

The depth of the sulcus is determined by measuring the distance from to Sacral Base.

PSIS

If one sacral sulcus is deeper than the other, the __ side is the direction of rotation.

shallow

Torsions are rotations about an __ axis.

oblique

A bilateral flexion dysfunction occurs when the sacral base is __.

anterior

A unilateral extension dysfunction happens when the sacral base is __.

posterior

Dynamic tests like __ and the Sphinx test help determine the nature of sacral dysfunction.

spring test

Physiologic sacral dysfunctions include forward torsions, bilateral __.

flexion

Non-physiologic sacral dysfunctions include unilateral __ or extension.

flexion

The lumbosacral spine allows motion, indicated by a __ test.

negative spring

The ILA is considered __ if it is posterior/inferior.

deep

Nomenclature indicates if the ILA is posterior/inferior on the __.

same side

Unilateral flexion dysfunctions require examination of the __ and posterior/inferior ILA.

seated FT

Sitting flexion is positive on the __ side during unilateral flexion.

dysfunctional

__ dysfunction can often be trauma related.

Unilateral flexion

Backward torsion is characterized by a __ depth on the concerned side.

deep

L5 rules indicate that it sidebends to the __ side as the axis.

same

Seated Flexion Test is often used to determine the __ of involved sacral dysfunction.

laterality

If the SFT was positive and the patient had spring resistance, a backward __ dysfunction is indicated.

torsion

Unilateral extension dysfunctions occur on __.

the same side

During sacral diagnosis, if there is bilateral extension confirmed, the sulci will be __ throughout.

shallow

The sacrum can flex when the found sulci are __ and when the tests are negative.

deep

Left on left forward torsion would be diagnosed as __.

LOL

The diagnosis Left Unilateral Flexion is indicated by a positive __ on the left.

Seated Flexion Test (SFT)

Backward torsions rotate around the __ axis.

left

Unilateral flexion and extension are typically named for the positive seated __ test.

flexion

Sacral dysfunctions occur due to any combination of __ or sports injuries.

overuse injuries

The enhanced depth of the sulcus indicates __ dysfunction.

unilateral

For a forward sacral torsion, the sacrum rotates __ the seated flexion test.

opposite