cranium anatomy

chapter 11 - part A

________ rests on superior part on vertebral column

skull

there are __ cranium bones

8

there are __ facial bones

14

the cranium is divided into two parts, what are they?

calvarium and floor

calvarium contains:

right and left parietal, occipital bone, frontal bone

floor contains:

ethmoid, right and left temporal, sphenoid bone

__________ is the most visible and prominent part

frontal bone

the frontal bone has two main parts:

squamous and orbital

which 4 bones articulate with the frontal bone?

right and left parietal bone, sphenoid and ethmoid bone

________ forms superior part of orbits

superior part (roof)

____________ forms forehead, contains glabella

squamous

__________ is a smooth, raised prominence between eyebrows, just above bridge of nose

glabella

___________________ corresponds to floor of anterior fossa of cranium

superior orbital groove (SOG)

______________ makes up superior part of each orbit

superior orbital margin (SOM)

within the SOM, there is a ____________________

superior orbital notch

superior orbital notch is where the:

superior orbital nerves and vessels go through

__________ forms orbital plates, roots of nasal cavity, greater part of anterior cranial fossa

orbital

what view do we use to see orbital bones?

inferior view

______________ forms superior part of each orbit, at level of SOG, anything below is considered facial bone

orbital plate

each orbital plate is separated by ________________

ethmoid notch

parietal bone articulates with 5 bones, they are:

frontal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, opposite parietal bone

occipital bone articulates with 6 bones, they are:

2 parietal, 2 temporal, sphenoid, atlas

________ is square in shape and concaved

parietal

within the parietal bone, there is something on them called _________________

parietal tuberacle

______________ is the widest part of the head

parietal tubercle

___________ is inferoposterior portion of skull cap

occipital bone

_____________ is the rounded part on the back of head

squamous

inferior part of occipital bone:

external occipital protuberance

______________ is a great hole, spinal cord goes through this

foramen magnum

right and left temporal bone is best seen in ___________ view

lateral

___________ houses organs of hearing imbalance

temporal bone

______________ is situated between sphenoid (anteriorly) and occipital (posteriorly)

temporal bone

_________________ extends anteriorly from bone

zygomatic process

___________ meets with facial bones

zygomatic arch

______________________ is anterior to EAM

temporomandibular fossa

_____________________ is where condyles of mandible fit

temporomandibular fossa

____________ is posterior to EAM

mastoid tip

____________ is a conical shape, projecting from mastoid portion

mastoid tip

_______________ is slender, pointed piece of bone that faces inferiorly, anteriorly and slightly medial of tympanic bone

styloid process

_______________ most vulnerable to fractures, forms wall of skull

squamous portion

______________ mastoid air cells lay in here

mastoid portion

_____________ is dense, projects medially and anteriorly, houses organs of hearing and equilbrium

petrous portion

temporal bones in superior view is used to visualize:

floor of cranium

a superior view of the temporal bones best shows ___________

petrous ridges

______________ corresponds to level of top of attachment of ear and head

petrous ridges

posterior to ridges are nerves, where hearing goes through, this is called _____________

internal acoustic meatus

______________ is where jugular veins go through

jugular foramen

temporal bone articulates with 3 bones:

sphenoid, parietal and occipital

___________ regular wedge shaped bone at base of cranium

sphenoid

____________ is anterior to temporal bone and forms lower base of occipital bone

sphenoid

sphenoid bone articulates with __ cranial bones

7

sphenoid consists of:

body, 2 lesser and greater wings, 2 pterygoid processes

______ of sphenoid lies midline to floor of cranium

body

the body of sphenoid contains ________________

sphenoid sinuses

___________ is a deep depression on superior surface of body, houses pituitary gland

sella turcica

___________ extends laterally from body to either side, triangular and nearly horizontal, end at anterior clinoid processes

2 lesser wings

____________ helps form posteriomedial orbital roofs, posterior portion of anterior fossa, upper margin of superior orbital fissure and optic canal

2 lesser wings

____________ arise from body, curve laterally, posteriorly and superiorly, forms middle part of cranium fossa, posterior, lateral walls of orbits

2 greater wings

3 foramen within the greater wing:

rotundum, ovale, spinosum

____________ arise from lateral portions of inferior surface of body, medial portion of inferior surfaced wings

pterygoid process

____________ articulates with palitine bone and vulnar to create nasal cavity

pterygoid process

________ is best seen in lateral view

sella turcica

known as “Turkish saddle”

sella turcica

_____________ is posterior border of sella turcica

dorsum sellae

the sphenoid bone in an oblique view shows __________ of bone

complexity

_______________ is larger, spread farther apart than posterior

anterior clinoid

_______________ is front wall of sella turcica, ends on each side of optic canal

optic groove

optic canal leads to ______________

optic foramen

___________ is where nerves go through

optic foramen

______________ is referred to as plates, can be classified as lateral and medial

pterygoid process

___________ is situated with ethmoid notch of frontal bone

ethmoid

_____________ is located between orbits and forms part of anterior cranial fossa, nasal cavity, orbital walls and bony nasal septum

ethmoid

ethmoid articulates with 2 cranial bones, they are:

frontal bone and sphenoid

__________ consists of horizontal and vertical place and 2 labyrinths

ethmoid

___________ contains numerous foramen for transmission of olfactory nerves

cribiform

______________ forms superior part of bony nasal septum

perpendicular plate

___________ contains ethmoid sinuses, helps form medial walls of orbits, lateral walls of nasal cavity

labyrinth

from labyrinth, medially and downward there is something called ___________ and __________________

superior, middle nasal concha

cranial sutures are classified as:

fibrous, immovable joints

4 cranial sutures are:

coronal, lambdoidal, squamosal, sagittal

__________ separate frontal from 2 parietal bones

coronal

____________ is posterior, separates 2 parietal bones from occipital

lambdoidal

__________ formed by inferior junction of 2 parietal bones with respected temporal bones

squamosal

__________ separate 2 parietal bones in the midline

sagittal

4 junction points are:

asterion, bregma, lambda, pterion

__________ is posterior to ear, squamous and lambdoidal sutures meet

asterion

_________ is coronal suture and sagittal suture meet

bregma

_________ is sagittal and lambdoidal sutures meet

lambda

________ is frontal, parietal and temporal bones meet

pterion

___________ is a membrane covered that’ll fill in fibrous cartilage after birth

sutures

6 fontanels of the infant

anterior and posterior, R and L sphenoid, R and L mastoid

cranial sutures don’t ossify till _____________

mid to late 20s

the glabella is located on the _________ cranial bone

frontal

the widest portion of the entire skull is located between the:

parietal tubercles

which aspect of the skull is most vulnerable to fracture?

squamous portion of temporal bone

the jugular foramen is located on the __________ bone

temporal

which cranial bone makes up an aspect of the bony nasal septum?

ethmoid