Ap World History Silver period 0 study set

Due to climate change and changing ocean levels, for where did the earliest humans migrate?

• Out of Africa

Describe the first human societies (Paleolithic Revolution)?

• Hunter gatherer bands

What were the long term effects of the Neolithic Revolution?

• population increase

• Specialization of labor

• Social stratification

• Technological innovations

• Administrative institutions

How did agriculture cause communities to form?

• civilization develop with their own unique cultures, government, and religions.

Where did foundational civilizations develop during this period?

River Valleys

• Tigris and Euphrates (Mesopotamia)

• Nile (Egypt)

• Indus (India)

• Yellow and Yangtze (China)

What does specialization of labor lead to?

• social classes

• Improvements in technology (tools) which leads to trade

How were the earliest civilizations administered?

Governments

• based on religion

• Used legal codes

• kept records - cuneiforms, hieroglyphics

What was the role of pastoral nomads in the Neolithic period?

• Dissemination of new technologies and techniques

• composite bows, iron weapons, chariots, domestication of horses

What were some of the earliest major religious beliefs developed?

• animism

• judaism

• hinduism (from Aryan and Vedic beliefs

What new belief systems emerged during the classical era?

• buddhism

• confucianism

• christianity

• Islam followed shortly after

What effect did Hinduism, have on the social structure in South Asia?

• It generated natural hierarchies

What did confucianism seek to promote?

• social harmony through the five relationships

What was the core belief of daoism?

• balance between humans and nature

What religion formed out of Judaism?

• christianity

How did Islam spread?

• Merchants

• Missionaries

• Military expansion

• Sufis

Which key dynasties arose in East Asia around the time of the Classical Era?

• Qin

• Han

Which key states arose in the Mediterranean in the Classical Era?

• Phoenician city states

• Greeks city states

• Roman empire

• Persian empire

Which key city states rose in South Asia during the Classical Era?

• Gupta

• Mauryan

How did kings maintain rule in ancient civilizations?

• claim to divine connection

• support of religious elite (and military/ aristocracy)

• record keeping

• Legal codes

What techniques of imperial administration were used in the Classical Era?

• use of religion

• Legalism

• Centralized government bureaucracies

• Military power (defensive walls)

• Economic stability through trade (roads)

What role did imperial cities fill?

• centers of trade

• religious rituals

• political administration

What naturally accompanies trade?

cultural diffusion

- transfer of goods, ideas, disease, and technologies

What caused the decline of Classical Empires?

• decentralization

• Internal problem (weak leaders, financial crisis, overextension)

• External problems (invaders)

• Enviromental damage (Disease, deforestation, desertification, erosion)