AMH2020 Exam 2

Babe Ruth, Jack Dempsey, Red Grange

Major sports heroes of the 1920s who boosted mass entertainment.

The Great Migration

Movement of African Americans from the rural South to northern cities.

Harlem Renaissance

Cultural movement celebrating Black art, music, and literature in Harlem.

Bank failures

Collapse of banks during the Great Depression, wiping out savings.

Stock Market Crash

The 1929 market collapse that triggered the Great Depression.

Herbert Hoover

President during the early Depression who opposed major federal relief.

Franklin Roosevelt (FDR)

President who created the New Deal to address the Depression.

Huey Long

Populist senator who proposed wealth redistribution.

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

Paid farmers to reduce crop production.

Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)

Gave direct relief to unemployed Americans.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

Employed young men in conservation and outdoor work.

Public Works Administration (PWA)

Funded large public construction projects.

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

Built dams and power plants in the Tennessee Valley.

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

Regulated industry and labor to stabilize the economy.

Social Security Act

Created pensions, unemployment insurance, and disability support.

National Labor Relations Act (NLRA)

Protected workers’ right to unionize.

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

Provided jobs in construction, public works, and the arts.

Fair Labor Standards Act

Established minimum wage and banned child labor.

Axis and Allied Powers

Axis: Germany, Italy, Japan; Allies: U.S., Britain, USSR.

Appeasement

Giving concessions to Hitler to avoid conflict.

Holocaust

Nazi genocide of Jews and other groups.

Fall of France

German invasion that defeated France in 1940.

Lebensraum

Nazi plan for expansion into Eastern Europe.

Blitzkrieg

Fast, coordinated military attack tactic.

Lend-Lease Act

U.S. aid of weapons and supplies to Allies.

Japan’s defensive perimeter

Strategy to protect Japan’s Pacific empire.

Japanese internment

Forced relocation of Japanese Americans during WWII.

D-Day and Battle of the Bulge

Major Allied invasions and battles against Germany.

US domestic war effort

Rationing, production, and civilian support for WWII.

Hitler and Nazi Party

Fascist dictatorship responsible for WWII and genocide.

FDR, Stalin, Churchill

Leaders of the main Allied powers.

Stalingrad and Kursk

Soviet victories that turned the war against Germany.

Midway, Iwo Jima, Okinawa

Major U.S. victories in the Pacific.

Battle of Britain

Air war preventing German invasion of Britain.

Pearl Harbor

Japanese attack that brought the U.S. into WWII.

Rosie the Riveter

Symbol of women working war jobs.

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

U.S. atomic bombs that ended the war with Japan.

38th Parallel and Korean War

Division of Korea and the war that followed.

Containment and Rollback

U.S. strategies to stop or push back communism.

Berlin Blockade and Airlift

Soviet blockade countered by U.S. air supply.

NATO

Military alliance between the U.S. and Western Europe.

Marshall Plan

U.S. aid to rebuild Europe after WWII.

Red Scare and McCarthyism

Anti-communist fear and political persecution.

Early Rock ’n’ Rollers

Musicians blending Black and White musical styles.

Truman Doctrine

U.S. promise to aid nations resisting communism.

Domino Theory

Idea that nations would fall to communism one after another.

Yalta Conference

Allied meeting planning post-war Europe.

Florida’s Johns Committee

State committee targeting suspected communists and LGBTQ people.

1947-49 chilling events

Communism in China, Soviet Union tests its first atomic bomb, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, Berlin blockade & airlift, formation of NATO, etc

SCLC, SNCC, CORE, MFDP

Major civil rights organizations.

Double V Campaign

WWII call for victory against fascism and racism.

Brown v. Board of Education

Supreme Court decision ending school segregation.

Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott

Protest sparked by Parks refusing to give up her seat.

Sit-ins (Greensboro), SNCC

Student protests against segregated lunch counters.

Voter registration work

Efforts to enroll Black voters in the South.

Civil Rights Leaders

MLK Jr., Malcolm X, Ella Baker, Fannie Lou Hamer, and others.

1963 March on Washington

Mass demonstration for civil rights and jobs.

1963 Birmingham Campaign

MLK-led protests exposing segregation.

1964 Freedom Summer

Voter registration campaign in Mississippi.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Banned discrimination and segregation.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Protected Black Americans’ right to vote.

JFK and LBJ

Presidents during early 1960s reforms and Vietnam escalation.

Cuban Missile Crisis

Nuclear standoff between the U.S. and USSR.

The Great Society

LBJ’s programs to fight poverty and expand rights.

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Allowed LBJ to escalate the Vietnam War.

Public opinion on Vietnam

Growing opposition to the war.

Berkeley Free Speech Movement

Student movement for campus free-speech rights.

Vietnam War protests

Nationwide demonstrations against the war.

Ho Chi Minh

Leader of North Vietnam.

1960s social movements

Student, women’s, Latinx, and other rights movements.

Tet Offensive

Major attack that turned U.S. public opinion.

1968 events

MLK Jr. and JFK assassinations, Tet Offensive, Richard Nixon’s election

NVA, Vietcong, ARVN

Main military forces in the Vietnam War.

The New Right and new Left

Conservative and liberal political movements.

The Southern Strategy

Republican appeal to white Southern voters.

Religious Right

Conservative Christian political movement.

Trickle-Down Economics

Tax cuts aimed at boosting the overall economy.

1980s societal changes

Rise of credit cards, personal computers, and new tech.

George Wallace, Nixon, Reagan

Key conservative political figures.

Individual vs. communal freedoms

Debate over personal liberty vs. society’s needs.

Election of 1980 and Reagan Revolution

Political shift toward conservatism.

2000 Election (Bush v. Gore)

Disputed election decided by the Supreme Court.

9/11 Attacks

Terrorist attacks leading to the War on Terror.

Joe Biden

Long-time senator and president during the Pandemic

Biden era issues

Inflation and immigration-related challenges.

George Floyd & Charlie Kirk murders

High-profile killings that sparked national debate.

Donald Trump presidency

Populist presidency including Capitol Riot and major controversy.

Dobbs v. Jackson

Decision overturning Roe v. Wade.

Middle Eastern Wars

U.S. involvement in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Israel–Hamas conflicts.

Rise in populism

Growing anti-establishment sentiment across political groups.