Exam 3 Review: Viruses and Cells

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the structure and reproduction of viruses, as well as compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell characteristics.

Basic Structure of a Virus

Consists of a nucleic acid genome and a protein shell.

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes have a cell envelope, plasma membrane, and may contain structures like cell walls and glycocalyx, while Eukaryotes have compartmentalized organelles.

Basic Shapes of Prokaryotes

The three basic shapes are spherical (coccus), rod-shaped (bacillus), and spiral (spirillum if rigid or spirochete if flexible ).

Components of Plasma Membrane

Contains components necessary for cellular metabolism, including proteins, lipids, and cytoplasm.

Flagella

May be present in prokaryotic cells for movement.

Organelles of Eukaryotic Cells

Work together to metabolize, regulate, and conduct life processes through communication.

Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells

Plant cells contain a cell wall and chloroplasts, whereas animal cells do not.

Step 1 of Viral Reproduction: Attachment

A virus binds to a specific host cell based on the match between virus surface molecules and host cell receptors.

Step 2 of Viral Reproduction: Penetration

The host cell engulfs the virus or the virus injects its genome into the cytoplasm.

Step 3 of Viral Reproduction: Biosynthesis

New viral components, including capsid subunits and copies of the genome, are synthesized using the host's ribosomes and enzymes.

Step 4 of Viral Reproduction: Maturation

Viral components are assembled into new virus particles.

Step 5 of Viral Reproduction: Release

New viruses exit the host cell through lysis to infect new host cells.