Unit 1 Arabic Terms

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16 Terms

1

hajj

5th pillar of Islam, the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca that takes place in the last month of the year, and that all Muslims are expected to make at least once during their lifetime, if they are able

<p>5th pillar of Islam, the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca that takes place in the last month of the year, and that all Muslims are expected to make at least once during their lifetime, if they are able</p>
2

Quran

Book composed of divine revelations made to the Prophet Muhammad between ca. 610 and his death in 632; the sacred text of the religion of Islam.

<p>Book composed of divine revelations made to the Prophet Muhammad between ca. 610 and his death in 632; the sacred text of the religion of Islam.</p>
3

Al-Andalus

A Muslim-ruled region in what is now Spain, established in the eighth century C.E.

<p>A Muslim-ruled region in what is now Spain, established in the eighth century C.E.</p>
4

Sufism

a mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life; were essential in spreading Islam outside of the Middle East/Arabian peninsula

<p>a mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life; were essential in spreading Islam outside of the Middle East/Arabian peninsula</p>
5

Sunni

a member of the branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad; caliphs can be chosen from the community; largest branch of Islam

6

Shiite

A group of Islamic religion that believes that its religious leader should be chosen based on heredity.

7

dar al-Islam

an Arabic term that means the "house of Islam" and that refers to lands under Islamic rule

<p>an Arabic term that means the "house of Islam" and that refers to lands under Islamic rule</p>
8

caliphate

Islamic empire ruled by those believed to be the successors to the Prophet Muhammad. (Two such empires are the Abbasid and Umayyad.)

<p>Islamic empire ruled by those believed to be the successors to the Prophet Muhammad. (Two such empires are the Abbasid and Umayyad.)</p>
9

umma

The term for all Muslims as a community.

<p>The term for all Muslims as a community.</p>
10

ulama

Muslim religious scholars. From the ninth century onward, the primary interpreters of Islamic law and the social core of Muslim urban societies.

<p>Muslim religious scholars. From the ninth century onward, the primary interpreters of Islamic law and the social core of Muslim urban societies.</p>
11

dhimmi

Literally "people of the book"; applied as inclusive term to Jews and Christians in Islamic territories; later extended to Zoroastrians and even Hindus & Buddhists

12

jizya

Tax that non-Muslims had to pay when living within a Muslim empire; used by the Umayyad Caliphate

13

Muhammad

the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632)

14

Sharia

Body of Islamic law that includes interpretation of the Quran and applies Islamic principles to everyday life; often used as a legal basis in Islamic empires

15

Kaaba

Square building in Mecca believed by Muslims to be the house Ibrahim erected for God and the focus of Muslim worship

<p>Square building in Mecca believed by Muslims to be the house Ibrahim erected for God and the focus of Muslim worship</p>
16

Caliph

successor to Muhammad as political and religious leader of Muslims