Environmental Science Final Exam

Pesticides in the US for agricultural use after which war?

World War 2

Rachel Carson wrote what?

Silent Spring

Gaylord Nelson found what?

He founded earth day in 1970

BRIC stands for

Brazil, Russia, India, China

Highly developed countries

high per capita income

Environmental sustainability means...

all of the above

(the ability to meet current human economic and social needs without compromising the ability of the environment to support future generations. applied at the individual-, community-, regional-, national-, and global-level)

Which of these does no represent peter sandman's Risk = Hazard + Outrage Ideals

Presents lots of data

The founder of sierra club and fought for national parks

John Muir

blank has a biocentric, blank is utilitarian

Preservation and conservation

Clean water act of 1972

The fundamental right of every citizen

environmental justice

Which is not a pillar of sustainable development?

Politically Viable

When supply and demand don't meet

market failure

The cost in environmental quality of a unit of pollution

marginal cost of pollution

When economists adopt a strategy to deal with pollution

Raise cost of pollution

National income acts are incomplete of national income because

estimates of external cost (natural depletion and environmental cost of econ accountability)

Which level of biological organization is correct?

population --> community --> ecosystem

Crust of our planet is known as

lithosphere

Lowest energy a pyramid of energy would be found in

tertiary consumers

A wildfire has swept and burnt everything, in order to reestablish who has to return first?

grasses

What is the primary driver of high human HANPP?

high population density

The mechanism of natural selections involves all but

stable community structure

What accounts for increased population if death and birth are equal?

Immigration

Which of the following organisms have lowest intrinsic rate of increase

whales

The population crash occurs after it

overshoots

Which is not an example of a density dependent factor

climate

green anoles were forced out of their habits found new habits this is an example of...

both competition and realized niche

Ability of a community to withstand disturbances is

species richness

Biogeochemical cycles

describe movement through abiotic and biotic interactions

Which of the following is not a geochemical cycle?

Hydrogens

Which is not an example of fossil fuel?

Wood

Which country has highest CO2 emissions in 2014?

United States

What is the final step in nitrogen cycle?

denitrification

Which of the following processes plays an important role in the phosphorus cycle

erosion

Which biochemical cycle contribute to eutrophication in lakes in India and China

nitrogen and phosphorous

Stratosphere ozone is important because

absorbs UV rays

Coriolis effect is due to...

the earth's rotation

Which of the following does not affect ocean currents

Marine organisms

The ocean conveyor belt affects

Regional and possibly global climates

El Nino events

affects both ocean currents and atmospheric

Relatively distinct terrestrial region

Biome

Biome more suitable for a farmland is

grasslands

grassland is the rarest biome due to

conversion to agriculture

which biome has the highest diversity?

tropical rainforest

the thermocline is the layer in the lake in which

warm meets the cold

Which of the following is not found at the boundary between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems?

oceanic province

which of the following is not a human impact on marine environment?

increased levels of oxygen

two indicators of human health

infant mortality and life expectancy

infant mortality rate in a developing country is most likely to be

higher than a highly developed country

the two leading causes of death are...

cardio vascular disease and cancer

Which of the following is the leading cause of death of children?

all of the above

Which of the following may contribute to infection disease?

all of the above

chemicals that are not broken down easily

persistence

which of the following describes buildup in a body?

bioaccumulation

pollutants that interfere with normal function hormones

endocrine disruptors

which of the following represents core discipline of environmental health

epidemiology, toxicology, and exposure assessment

which of the following approaches is not part of the US strategy for toxicity in humans

(d) long term epidemiology studies

Which of the following describes long term exposure conducted as sub lethal dosage

chronic

a dose that is LD50

kills half of the animals

toxicology and epidemiology are distinct

toxicology = experimental vs. epidemiology = observational studies

risk assessment involves all except

political and financial cost

Zero population is when r is equal to

zero meaning the slope is flat

The human population is increasing because

all of the above (d)

In the pre-industrial stage

birth and death rates are high (a)

Which of the following is not true about highly developed countries?

high fertility rates (a)

In age structure diagram shaped like a pyramid it is a characteristic of a

country with an increasing population growth rate (b)

Which of the following represent the two countries in the world that are the most malnourished?

South Asia and Sub Saharan South Africa (c)

The areas that have the greatest amount of food insecurities also have what?

the highest total fertility rate (d)

The young age structure of urban areas to be contributed to?

The influx of young people from rural areas (b)

What characteristic defines a megacity?

A city with more than 10 million inhabitants (a)

Which of the following urbanization trends are true?

most of the urban growth is happening in developing countries (c)

A brownfield is an urban area of?

abandoned industrial residential sites from past uses (d)

Transportation has affected the spatial structures of cities because

as cities grow, they expand along public transportation routes (b)

What does not represent green architecture feature?

none of the above (d)

Which of the following is a completely clean energy source?

none of the above (d)

Which country has the highest rate of per capita use?

the US (a)

Which two sectors account for the majority of energy consumption within the US?

transportation and electric power (a)

An example of an intermittent source is

wind (a)

Which source of energy provides the strongest cost competitiveness based on the US energy information administration estimates for plants coming online in 2019?

geothermal energy (d)

Which of the following is an example of demand-side management by electric utilities to help consumers save energy today?

giving away energy efficient light bulbs to consumers (c)

Which of the following statements regarding fossil fuel formation is not true?

they are formed in an oxygen enriched areas (b)

How is burning of fossil fuels affected the global carbon cycle?

less carbon is stored underground (a)

Which of the following fossil fuels are related to global warming?

all of the above (d)

The world's coal reserves could last another?

200 years (d)

Which country has the most technically recoverable shale gas resource in the world?

China

What source of energy is projected to account for the majority of electricity production within the US in 2014?

natural gas (c)

America's natural gas alliance emphasizes which of the following benefits on behalf of the natural gas industry?

all of the above (d)

What scenarios are thought to cause subsurface migration of fracking fluid and released gas into groundwater?

Both A and B
a) fractures and cement surrounding the well
B) fracture and rock

Which of the following pieces of legislation exempts the US natural gas industry from compliance with the safe drinking water act during hydraulic fracturing?

Energy policy act of 2005

What source of electricity will replace coal when China is under pressure to reduce emissions?

Natural Gas

Which of the following is not an emerging alternative renewable resource energy?

Nuclear

In the United States solar radiation integration is in?

the southwest (a)

Which of the following does not involve solar energy?

Geothermal (c)

What unique aspect of solar energy as a source?

It is dispersed over the Earth's entire surface rather than being concentrated and highly localized areas (d)

The use of photovoltaic cells is limited by all of the following except for?

an ability to directly generate electricity (a)

The burning of biomass such as wood is an example of?

indirect solar energy

Which of the following is a liquid fuel converted from biomass?

ethanol (d)

Which source of renewable energy has a potential to significantly decrease carbon emission and eliminate the US states on gasoline for transportation?

Sugarcane based ethanol (d)

Which of the following does not apply to wind power?

It is the least competitive of all forms of renewable energy in terms of cost (c)

Where are the vast majority of geothermal resources localized within the US?

Western US