Theories of Personality: Chapter 2 - Life of Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud

he was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis. He possessed a high degree of self-confidence and an intense ambition to succeed.

Where was Sigmund Freud Born?

Freiberg, Moravia

Freud’s Father was…

a strict authoritarian.

Freud’s Mother was…

extremely protective and loving.

Freud explored and published an article about…

the benefits of cocaine.

What does Freud work as?

clinical neurologist.

What does Freud studied with?

Charcot

Charcot

Freud’s Mentor, worked and studied with hypnosis who alerted Freud to the possible sexual basis of neurosis.

Freud’s possessed a negative attitude towards…

Sex.

Freud wrote about…

the dangers of sex.

In Freud’s own sex life…

he had no contact of the opposite sex during his early years, he was shy and afraid of women.

Freud’s Neurotic Episode

odd states of mind, cloudy thoughts, and veiled doubts.

Freud’s Physical Health Concerns

fear of dying, self diagnosis, anxiety neurosis and neurasthenia.

Theory of Neurosis

a psychological state of distress, conflict, or disunity, often stemming from internal struggles, repressed emotions, and maladaptive coping mechanisms. Freud saw that and suggest this theory is a theory of his own neurotic symptoms.

Freud Studied his own…

Dreams.

Freud had dream about his father that he was…

hostility towards his father.

Freud’s had dream about his mother that he had…

childhood sexual longings for his mother.

Freud had a sex dream with his…

eldest daughter.

During the time of Freud’s Dreams…

is where he developed his theory of personality.

Freud’s focused on what? in his dreams.

his own neurotic conflicts and childhood experiences through interpretations of his dreams.

What was Freud’s Appeal?

he published his work and developed a group of disciples.

unconventional, doubters, dreamers, and included some who experienced their own neurotic states.

who eventually broke Freud?

Carl Jung and Alfred Alder

Freud considered the break as…

disloyal and never forgave them.

What happened During 1909 with Freud?

he was invited to give a series of lecturers at Clark University and received an honorary doctoral degree!

what was warmly welcomed in the U.S.?

System of Psychoanalysis

how many publications based of Freud’s work?

200

… and … were the pinnacle of his success years.

1920s and 1930s

What Physical Illness does Freud had and how long has he been fighting with?

Oral Cancer, for about 16 Years.

What did Nazi do with Freud’s Life?

they burned his book and invaded his home.

during the nazis, Anna (Freud’s Daughter) was…

arrested, but was later released from jail.

After the Nazis, What was freud doing?

he left for London and remained active, he was given a higher than therapeutic dose of morphine by his physician at his request, but later died.

What was the date when Freud passed?

September 1939

Instincts

mental representations of internal stimuli that drive a person to act. This helps explain the diversity seen in human behavior.

Homeostatic Approach

people are motivated to restore and maintain a physiological equilibrium

Instinctual Energy

can be invested in a variety of activities.

There are Two Instincts that are called…

Life and Death, or known as Ying and Yang Approach or Libido and Thanatos.

Libido

also known as Life Instinct, oriented toward survival and drives a person toward pleasurable behaviors and thoughts.

Cathexis

investment of psychic energy in an object or person.

Thanatos

also known as Death Instinct, unconscious drive toward decay, destruction, and aggression.

Aggressive Drive

compulsion to destroy, to conquer, and kill.

The Conscious

a limited aspect of our personality.

Tip of the Iceberg Theory

Only a small portion of our thoughts are in our conscious awareness at any one time. Above the Water is Conscious, Middle is Preconscious, and bottom is Unconscious.

The Preconscious

a store house from which memories and thoughts can be drawn.

The Unconscious

the part of the mind and the self that one is not aware of but that drives behavior.

The Id

operates in accordance with the pleasure principal, wanting things they want. It’s Considered the Bad Side of yourself and it’s the thirst thing you’re born with.

Primary Process Thought

childlike thinking by which the id attempts to satisfy the instinctual drives, presented at birth, very egocentric.

Super Ego

moral aspects of personality, it’s considered the good side of yourself. It aims for perfection. developed around the age of 6.

Conscience

contains behaviors for which the child has been punished.

Ego-ideal

contains moral or ideal behaviors for which a person should strive.

Ego

rational master of the personality, I personally call this the “grown up”. it’s the last part to develop, and this developed around the age of 10.

Secondary Process Thought

mature throughout processes needed to deal rationally with the external. Operates in accordance with reality principals.

Reality Principal

provide appropriate contracts of the expression of the id instincts.

Anxiety

an objectless fear, a fundamental to the development of all neurotic and psychotic behavior

Metaphor of the Buckets

a metaphor how id and superego fills the bucket from overflowing anxiety.

When we cannot cope with anxiety, it is said to be…

Traumatic, reduced to a state helplessness.

The prototype of all anxiety is…

birth trauma.

Reality Anxiety

fear of tangible danger, fear of something real.

Neurotic Anxiety

conflicts between id and ego.

Moral Anxiety

conflicts between id and superego.

The purpose of anxiety is…

signals a problem with personality, alerts the individual that the ego is being threatened, induces tension in the individual, becomes a drive the individual is motivated to satisfy, protections of the ego include, runway from the threat, inhibit the impulsive need, obey the dictates of the consciences.

What’s the Defense Mechanism?

ego strategies to defend against anxiety provoked by the conflicts of daily life.

Characteristics for defense mechanisms

Involve denials or distortions of reality, operate unconsciously, and involves denial or distortions of reality.

Repression

involve unconscious denial of the existence of something that causes anxiety.

Denial

involves denying the existence of an external threat or traumatic event.

Reaction Formation

Involves expressing an id impulse that is the opposite of the one truly driving the person.

Projection

Involves attributing a problematic impulse to someone else.

Regression

Involves retreating to an earlier, less frustrating period of life and displaying the childish and dependent behaviors characteristic of that more secure time.

Rationalization

Involves reinterpreting behavior to make it more acceptable and less threatening.

Displacement

Involves shifting id impulses from a threatening or unavailable object to a substitute object that is available.

Sublimation

Involves altering or displacing id impulses by diverting instinctual energy into socially acceptable behaviors.

Freudian Slips

what appears to be a causal lapse in speech is a reflection of unconscious motives or anxieties. EX: “I’d like to spank all teachers” instead of “I’d like to thank all teachers”.

Catharsis

Physical expression of an emotion by recalling a traumatic event. Like acting out aggression on substitute (a pillow), not supported by research.

Stages of Development

personality develops in stages through which all children passes. There are 5 stages: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency and Genital.

Each stage is defined by an…

erogenous zone.

must resolve … to move to next stage.

conflict

Fixation

portion of libido remains invested in one of the stages.

Oral

Birth to Age 1, Mouth is the primary erogenous zone; pleasure derived from sucking: Id is the dominant.

Anal

Age 1-3, Toilet Training (external reality) interferes with gratification received from defecation.

Phallic

Age 4-5, Incestuous fantasies; Oedipus complex; anxiety; superego development. IMPORTANT - this is where your personality is formed!

Latency

Age 5 to Puberty, Period of sublimation of sex instinct.

Genital

Adolescene to Adulthood, Development of sex-role identity and adult social relationships.

Free Association

saying whatever comes to mind.

Dream Analysis

dreams shows repressed desires, fears, and conflicts. There are two types.

Manifest Content

actual dream events.

Latent Content

Hidden and symbolic meaning.

Anna Freud

is the daughter of Freud who expanded the role of Ego.

Anna made a book called…

The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense (1936)

What was The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense (1936) about?

Developed the standard defense mechanisms.