Mind Matters

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/15

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

16 Terms

1
New cards

Psychology

= Study of the human mind and its wide-ranging functions and influences

  • both a science and a profession

  • Studies how individuals and groups to better understand how people, communities, and societies function and ways for them achieve them

2
New cards

Psychiatrists

= a medical professional specialising in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness.

  • Medical doctors

  • Prescribe medication

  • Diagnose illness, manage treatment, and provide a range of therapies for mental illness

3
New cards

Psychologist

= someone who studies the human mind and human emotions and behaviour, and how different situations have an effect on people.

  • Not medical doctors

  • Can't prescribe medication

  • Focus on providing psychotherapy (talk therapy) to help patients

  • More likely to see people with conditions that can be helped effectively with psychological treatments

4
New cards

Thoughts, Feelings, Behaviours

  • Thoughts → assist us in making decisions and carrying out many tasks automatically

  • Behaviours → our actions, and can be easily observed

  • Feelings → the perceptions of events within the body or our internal state

5
New cards

Cognitive Dissonance

When thoughts, feelings, and behaviours are not aligned and cause tension

6
New cards

Ancient Greek Philosophers

  • Psychology has its roots in the ancient Greek philosophers (e.g. Platos, Socrates, Aristotle)

  • Dealt with questions about nature vs nurture and what has more of an impact on the people we become

  • They look at motivation, memory, desire, free will and how we perceive the world.

7
New cards

William Wundt

  • Widely regarded as the ‘Father of Psychology’

  • Started the first lab to study human minds in 1879

  • Established Psychology as a formal field of study

  • Interested in Introspeciation (self-observation)

8
New cards

William James

  • Regarded as the ‘Father of modern Psychology’

  • Philosopher, Historian, and Psychologist

  • Focused on the mind and body

  • Wrote ‘Principles in Psychology’ in 1890 (first psychology textbook)

9
New cards

Types of Psychologists

  1. Developmental Psychology

  2. Forensic Psychology

  3. Educational Psychology

  4. Industrial/Organisational Psychology

  5. Clinical Psychology

  6. Neuropsychology

  7. Sports Psychology

10
New cards

7 Major Perspectives of Modern Psychology

  1. Psychodynamic

  2. Behavioural

  3. Cognitive

  4. Biological

  5. Cross-Cultural

  6. Evolutionary

  7. Humanistic

11
New cards

Pseudoscience

= A collection of beliefs or practices mistakenly regarded as being based on scientific method

  • Generally well-established beliefs that have not changed over centuries.

  • May provide alternative explanations for things

12
New cards

Examples of Pseudosciences

  • Astrology, Palmistry, Tarot Cards (predicting future events)

  • Phrenology, Psychic surgery, Crystal healing (diagnosis & treatment)

  • Clairvoyance, Psychokinesis, Precognition (physical/psychological phenomena)

Astrology = Believe the positions of stars/planets determine personality traits

Palmistry = Claims lines on hands reveal personality & someone's future

Tarot Cards = Believing that cards can show the future

Phrenology = Claims the shape of the skull reveals personality traits

Psychic Surgery = A pseudoscientific medical fraud where people create an illusion of performing surgery 

Crystal Healing = alternative medicine technique where people believe crystals can heal people

Clairvoyance = Claimed supernatural ability to know hidden information or see spirits. Not scientifically proven.

Psychokinesis = Where objects are supposedly objects are able to move as a result of the mind

Precognition = The psychic ability to see events in the future

13
New cards

Psychology as a Science

  • Psychologists rely on researching thoughts, feelings, and behaviours that people have in common

  • Psychologists study theories using a scientific approach and don’t jump to conclusions

  • Critical thinking is crucial in all aspects of research in order to analyse & provide alternative explanations and construct ideas to be generalised.

14
New cards

Ethical Consideration

  • They are the precautions taken to protect the physical and psychological well-being of the participant

  • Guidelines must be followed when carrying out research, and must be approved by an ethics committee.

  • Ethical standards help us make judgements (right vs wrong)

  • Where possible, the experimenter must ensure all participants don’t experience any harm to protect their welfare.

  • The individual rights of all participants must be respected by the researcher, as outlined in ethical guidelines relating to psychological research.

15
New cards

Confidentiality

  • A participant’s rights to privacy in terms of access, storage, and disposal of information collected about them 

  • Private information must not be shared without the participants consent

16
New cards

Voluntary Participation

A participant must willingly take part in an experiment, free from pressure or threats