Chapter 6,7,8

Which theorist is most closely associated with cognitive construstism?

Piaget

Best definition of constructivism

it is a view of learning suggesting that learners' understanding are the result of delivery by teachers or written materials

What is a necessary condition of conceptual change?

Learners must become disatisified with their existing understanding

What is required in order conceptual change to occur?

An existing schema must be reconstructed

Cognitive apprenticeships generally include three of the following components:

A. Direct Instruction

B. Increasing complexity

C. Modeling

D. Scaffolding

Direct Instruction

What is an example of informal assessment?

Teacher observations of group work

If an instructor is basing their instruction on constructionist views of learning, what is important to have?

to provide a variety of examples

What is an important classroom application of the fact that students' constructions of understanding are likely to vary?

Develop topics with questioning so that you are able to assess the extent to which students' constructions are valid.

A child falls down the stairs and hurts her arm. When asked if she is okay, she responds, "I must be tired." Her mother had always said to her "Oh you must be tired." What characteristic of constructivism does this scenario illustrate?

Learners construct new understanding based on their existing understanding

What is an example of a real world, authentic task?

Students write an editorial for a school newspaper

What is a generalization that is most consistent with a constructivist view?

Learning is increased through multiple representations of content

You have a friend who is says she will more likely die in a plane crash than in a car. You ask her some questions to clarify and provide her with examples and stats to disprove what she is saying. The questions used to facilitate conceptual change are:

questions that challenge existing conceptions

A teacher has her students involved in a problem solving activity. From the social constructivist perspective, what are some important things to do during this activity?

Encourage students to question each other procedure and findings

What is the best definition for misconception?

An idea that makes sense to an individual but is inconsistent with evidence or commonly accepted explainations

People sometimes construct knowledge that makes sense to them but is inconsistent with evidence or commonly accepted explanations which means they are constructing

misconceptions

Why is it a likely reason for misconceptions?

Students have prior experiences that are consistent with the misconceptions

Think about the smart shopping activity. What is the best assessment of this activity?

It is effective because it provides a real world task and uses student interaction

Which is a characteristic of constructivism?

New learning depends on current understanding

Social interaction is reported to assist learners in many ways. What are benefits of social interaction in a constructivism view of learning?

Appropriating understanding

Which theorist is most closely related with social constructivism?

Vygotsky

A teacher uses a chart to teach his students and assigns students to gather information to put in the chart. What is gathering information effective?

When the students are gathering information, they're in cognitively active roles

Three of the following statements are characteristics of long term memory. Which one is not?

The concious component of storage

permanent info store

stores info in schemas and images

unlimited

The concious component of storage

Research indicates that teachers are more effective if they vary how they speak during a lesson. This is most closely related to:

attention

Cognitive load is most associated with

working memory

Which statement is not true about sensory memory?

information has assigned meaning

can hold limited amount of info

info is in form of concepts and rules

it hold info for a short period of time

it hold info for a short period of time

Jack uses a whole bunch of stuff to student by going through it a whole bunch of different ways. What is a strategy that promotes meaning encoding that Jack is using?

Elaboration

Mr. Lopez wants his students to understand percentages and the conversion of decimals to percentages. Again using the human memory model, the second thing he need to do is:

be certain that the students correctly perceive what percentage means

Knowing how make a plural noun possessive is an example of what kind of knowledge?

declarative

What is good question to ask to check perception?

What is another example of our idea?

Knowing that to change a percent to a decimal you move the decimal point demonstrates what kind of knowledge?

declarative

Providing an outline for students helps with

Organziation

When we expand on existing schema by adding new knowledge, we are most directly engaging in what strategy?

Elaboration

How long does our auditory sensory memory hold information?

4 seconds

The process by which we first attach meaning or interpretation to our experience

perception

You have taught your students the rule for singular possessive. You then teach them about plural possessives and they get confused. What is a good explanation for why this happened?

proactive inference has occured

we store information that holds our personal experiences in our

episodic memory

What is not a principle associated with cognitive learning theories?

Learning is a change in observable behavior

the information store that holds the exact copy of stimuli for a very brief time is

sensory memory

You write an essay where you support an argument. The part of your working memory system that makes the decision about what evidence you'll use is:

the central executive

You want to teach the concept of work. What is an effective activity to use?

have a student sit in a chair and have another try to drag it across the room

Which is not a factor of transfer?

reinforcement of basic skills

similarity

depth of original understanding

context

reinforcement of basic skills

Example of creativity?

Rich makes spaghetti and doesn't have a strainer so uses a window screen

What study strategy is most likely to misuses and lack meaningfulness?

highlighting

strategic learning is closely related to

metacognition

what is the most effective study strategy?

summarizing

A girl can't solve a problem and can't figure out why and how everyone else can. She has the inability to:

think divergently

The first step in problem solving is identifying the problem. Next step is

represent the problem

The best examples of a heuristic approach to problem solving

working backward from the solution

What is a characteristic of a problem solving activity?

Students work on a problem that serves as the focus of an activity

When a teacher shows students how to solve a problem and provides examples they are giving

worked examples

the best case example of a concept is refered to as an

protype

When you create a graph or diagram you are using what strategy?

concept mapping

The most important characteristic of a cup is

holds liquid

What is not an effective strategy for providing scaffolding to teach problem solving?

emphasizing the importance of right answers

a rule that prescribes a specific set of steps for solving a problem is the best described as

algorithm

the rule driven theory of learning concepts places emphasis on understanding a concepts

characteristics

When a kid is told the tooth fairy is real by another kid he will

retain the belief

What is an example of a well defined problem?

you have a doctor appointment but no way to get there

The best description of a problem

a state that exists when an individual has a goal but lacks an obvious way of achieving the goal