Intro to Stats 1.2

Qualitative data

The result of categorizing or describing attributes of a population

Quantitative data

the result of counting or measuring attributes of a population

Quantitative discrete data

Data that are the result of counting

Quantitative continuous data

Data that are not just made of counting numbers

Simple random sampling

Each member of a population initially has an equal chance of being selected for the sample

Stratified sampling

Divide the population into groups called strata and then take a proportionate number from each stratum

Cluster sampling

Divide the population into clusters (groups) and then randomly select some of the clusters

Systematic sampling

Randomly select a starting point and take every n^th piece of data from a listing of the population

Convenience sampling

Use results that are readily available

Sampling error

The error caused by the actual process of sampling that varies from sample to sample because the sample is not the whole population

Non-sampling error

The error caused by factors not related to the sampling process

Bias

When an individual's opinion or preference influences the results of a sample

Sampling bias

Errors that can occur in research studies by not properly selecting participants for the study and created when a sample is collected from a population, where some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as othersO

Outlier

A data point that is distant from all the other data points