practice unit 6 pharm

Penicillin G potassium class

cell wall inhibitor, narrow spectrum, bactericidal

Penicillin G potassium SE

well tolerated, anaphylaxis and hypersensitivity. Most common reaction is ALLERGIC REACTION (can be from rash to anaphylaxis and delayed for days to weeks)

Penicillin G potassium NC

watch for formulation for inactive ingredients and route, and use ctn if pt is allergic to cephalosporins

Ampicillin class

cell wall inhibitor, broad spectrum, bactericidal a

Ampicillin SE

well tolerated, rash and diarrhea are most common, anaphylaxis is rare but can be fatal

Ampicillin NC

monitor carefully in pt with CKD, use ctn w pt allergic to cephalosporins

Cefazolin class

cell wall inhibitor, broad spectrum, bactericidal

Cefazolin SE

well tolerated and commonly used, rash, diarrhea

Cefazolin NC

if hypersensitive to PCN then use sun due to chemical structure similarities

Cefazolin inter

increased risk of nephrotoxicity w other meds that are nephrotoxic

Tetracycline class

bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor, very broad spectrum, bacteriostatic

Tetracycline SE

photosensitivity, epigastric burning, fatty degeneration of the liver, discoloration of teeth and fingernails (in kids under 8)

Tetracycline NC

monitor liver function, contraindicated in pregnancy. Used to treat acne, H. Pylori in PUD, some protozoa

Tetracycline pt and fam teaching

take on empty stomach with water, do not take with calcium (milk/dairy)

Erythromycin class

bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor, bacteriostatic but bactericidal in high doses

Erythromycin SE

well tolerated, dysrhythmias, ototoxicity (hearing loss, dizzy, vertigo), n/v, abdominal cramp

Erythromycin NC/T

monitor liver function, available in multiple forms and routes, used prophylaxis in neonatal eye infections, take with food to decrease n/v and abdominal cramping

Ciprofloxacin class

fluoroquinolone, inhibits bacterial DNA, broad spectrum, bactericidal

Ciprofloxacin SE

serious SE are uncommon, CNS stimulation/seizures, photosensitivity, neurotoxicity, toxic psychosis, associated w tendonitis and tendon rupture (BBW), extreme muscle weakness in pt w myasthenia gravis (BBW)

Ciprofloxacin NC/T

monitor blood glucose in everyone cause leads to hypoglycemia, monitor neurotoxicity (rapid IV infusion causes seizures), report onset of joint or tendon pain, use sunscreen

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole class

sulfonamide, folic acid inhibitor

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole SE

n/v common, photosensitivity/wear sunscreen, hypersensitivity is common but REPORT rash, may cause blood dyscrasias. CONTRAINDICATED in CKD and sulfa allergy

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole NC/T

decreases potassium secretion and monitor potassium (don’t give other meds that increase K+), use to treat UTIs, increase fluid intake to maintain dilute urine and protect the kidneys

Nitrofurantoin class

urinary tract antiseptic, bactericidal

Nitrofurantoin SE

can cause pulmonary toxicity (cough, fibrosis w long term use), hepatoxicity, hypersensitivity, may turn urine brown

Nitrofurantoin NC/T

contraindicated in pregnancy cause can cause hemolytic anemia in fetus, ctn in impaired liver function or in pulmonary disease, take w food or milk to lessen GI upset and improve absorption

Isoniazid (INH) class

antituberculosis, antimycobacterial, mycotic acid inhibitor

Isoniazid (INH) SE

well tolerated, may have neurotoxicity (peripheral neuropathy, paresthesia, dizzy, psychoses), vitamin B is a ANTIDOTE to this med, hepatotoxicity (BBW)

Isoniazid (INH) NC/T

first-line drug for treating TB, used prophylactically for latent TB and combo w other meds for active TB, seizures are increased w this med, monitor for compliance, monitor for hepatotoxicity (jaundice), monitor for peripheral neuropathy, avoid alcohol, may be prescribed VIT B/PYRIDOXINE to prevent neuropathy