PCC Ch 1 and 2

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards based on PCC Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 covering nursing history, core competencies, care delivery systems, financing, quality improvement, knowledge types, clinical judgment models, and full-spectrum nursing.

Florence Nightingale

Founder of modern nursing known as 'the lady w/ the lamp' who opened the Nightingale home and training school for nurses in 1860 and published Notes on Hospitals in 1863.

Safe Effective Nursing Care (SENC)

A standard of care requiring nurses to demonstrate full-spectrum nursing by integrating thinking, doing, and caring into every competency.

Dorothea Dix

The superintendent of US Army nurses during the Civil War who organized nurses, hospitals, and supplies.

Clara Barton

A Civil War caregiver who provided care in tents close to fighting and established the American Red Cross.

Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster

Pioneers of public health nursing who founded the Henry Street Settlement in NYC to fight the spread of disease among low-income immigrants.

Edward Lyon

The first male nurse to receive a commission as a reserve officer.

Mary Mahoney

The first African American graduate nurse in the US, who cofounded the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses in 1908.

Lavinia Dock

A nurse, feminist, and social activist who compiled the first manual of drugs for nurses in 1890 and helped establish the National League for Nursing (NLN).

Linda Richards

The first professionally trained nurse in America, who created the first system for keeping individual medical records and promoted mental health nursing.

Case Method

Also known as total care, a care delivery model where one nurse provides all aspects of care for one client during a single shift.

Functional Nursing

A compartmentalized care delivery model where each specific task is assigned to a staff member with appropriate knowledge and skills.

Team Nursing

A care delivery model where a licensed nurse is paired with unlicensed assistive personnel to provide care to assigned high-acuity clients.

Primary Nursing

A care delivery model in which one nurse manages and plans care for a group of clients, which associate nurses carry out when the primary nurse is off duty.

Differentiated Practice

A variation of primary care where unit care assignments are matched to nurses based on a developed portfolio of competencies, education, and experience.

Acute Care

Healthcare services designed to treat active, sudden, unexpected, urgent, or emergent episodes of injury and illness.

Skilled Care

Services provided in extended care facilities by trained professionals for a limited period after injury or illness until the client improves.

Custodial Care

Non-medical assistance with activities of daily living provided to individuals who cannot live independently.

Primary Health Services

Healthcare activities designed to foster individual and community well-being and prevent illness, disease, and infection.

Secondary Health Services

Healthcare services directed toward early diagnosis, treatment of disease or injury, and health restoration.

Tertiary Health Services

Long-term rehabilitation services and end-of-life care focused on terminally ill clients and their families.

Medicare

A federal health insurance program providing coverage for individuals aged 65 and older, as well as certain younger people with disabilities.

Medicaid

A joint federal and state program providing comprehensive healthcare services to individuals with low incomes and minimal resources.

Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP)

A joint federal and state program that provides health insurance to children whose families exceed the income limits for Medicaid.

Prospective Reimbursement System

A healthcare payment mechanism where hospitals are reimbursed on a per-case, flat-rate basis determined by diagnostic related groups (DRGs).

Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)

A managed care model based on capitated (per head) fixed monthly costs where a primary care provider coordinates all care and referrals.

Process Reviews

A continuous quality improvement method that evaluates issues related to guidelines, policies, or procedures in care delivery.

Outcome Reviews

A continuous quality improvement evaluation conducted to determine whether desired clinical goals were achieved by analyzing records or data.

Structure Reviews

A quality improvement investigation into the adequacy, availability, and quality of resources such as personnel, supplies, and bed capacity.

Theoretical Knowledge

Nursing knowledge consisting of information, facts, principles, research findings, and evidence-based theories (knowing why).

Practical Knowledge

Nursing knowledge that involves understanding procedural processes and knowing how and why to correctly perform nursing skills (knowing what to do and how to do it).

Self-Knowledge

Personal self-understanding, including awareness of one's own beliefs, values, and cultural or religious biases.

Ethical Knowledge

Knowledge regarding moral principles and obligation used to navigate right and wrong when making decisions in client care.

Clinical Judgment

The observed outcome of critical thinking and reasoning that results in safe client care decisions and actions.

Tanner Model of Clinical Judgment

A clinical judgment framework structured around four core aspects: Noticing, Interpreting, Responding, and Reflecting.

Reflection-in-Action

A self-evaluation process performed during care delivery that allows a nurse to adjust and refocus actions in real time.

Clinical Reasoning

The cognitive process of synthesizing knowledge and information from multiple sources to develop an effective plan of care.

Critical Thinking

A cognitive process using evidence-based intellectual standards to analyze content, solve problems, and make clinical decisions.

Five Components of Caring

Swanson's framework defining caring through Knowing, Being With, Doing For, Enabling, and Maintaining Belief.

Full-Spectrum Nursing

A practice model combining thinking (critical thinking), doing (practical skills), and caring (ethical and self-knowledge) within specific client contexts.