Psych AP test review

Dual Processing

: the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks.

false consensus effect

the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and our behaviors.

Linguistic Determinism

Whorf’s hypothesis that language determines the way we think.

temperament

a person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity.

adaptation-level phenomenon

our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience

aggression

any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy.

REBT(Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy)

a confrontational cognitive therapy, developed by Albert Ellis, that vigorously challenges people’s illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions.

Cochlea

a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear; sound waves traveling through trigger nerve impulses

Informed Consent

is an ethical principle that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate.

dissociative identity disorder

A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities and is called

Molecular Genetics

the subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes.

social anxiety disorder

intense fear of social situations, leading to avoidance of such.

difference threshold

the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time.

hallucinations

are false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.

intelligence test

a method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores.

psychodynamic therapy

therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight.

Psychology

is the science of behavior and mental processes.

group polarization

the enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group.

Testing Effect

enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information. Also sometimes referred to as a retrieval practice

Chunking

organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically.

survey

is a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group.

variable-interval schedule

in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals.

social identity

the “we” aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to “Who am I?” that comes from our group memberships.