Biology Honors: Concepts and Connections Unit 3: Macromolecules

Building blocks are called _________

Monomers

A __________ is a carbohydrate monomer

monosaccharide

When two monosaccharides combine, a _____________ is formed

disaccharide

If you join a lot of monosaccharides together, a ____________ is formed

polysaccharide

The polysaccharide ______________ makes up plant cell walls

cellulose

The polysaccharide _________ makes up fungal cell walls and insect exoskeletons

chitin

_____ is a fast source of energy for cells

Glucose

Glucose is stored as _____ for plants or ______ for animals

starch, glycogen

Three types of lipids include_______ , __________, and _________.

Triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids

The building blocks of lipids are usually _______ and _________.

glycerol and fatty acids

Lipids are ________ which means they don’t mix with water

hydrophobic

__________ make up the cell membranes of all cells.

Phospholipids

Lipids are a source of ______ ________ energy storage

long term

Lipids are important for homeostasis because they provide _________ which keeps organisms warm in the cold.

Insulation

Many types of lipids act as chemical messangers called ________

hormones

The monomer of a protein is called an _________ ______

amino acid

Muscle tissue, _____ and collagen are examples of protein structures in our bodies.

hair

Proteins can act as ___________ _________ embedded in our cell membranes

transport channels

Proteins can also serve as cell receptors, ___________ , antibodies, and hormones

enzymes

Nucleic acids include _____ and ______

DNA and RNA

The monomer for nucleic acids is called a ________________

nucleotide

All living things contain ____ in their cells to direct the cell’s activities.

DNA

Elements in Carbs and Lipids

C H O

Elements in Proteins

CHON

Elements in Nucleic Acids

CHONP

Monomer of Carbs

Monosaccharides, glucose

Polymers of carbs

polysaccharides, starch, cellulose, chitin

Structure of carbs

Rings

Function of Carbs

Short term energy

Monomers of lipids

glycerol and fatty acids

polymers of lipids

oil, wax, hormones

structure of lipids

long chains

function of lipids

long term energy, cell membrane

Bonds in saturated fats (lipids)

all single-bonds

State of matter for saturated fats at room temperature

solid

bonds in unsaturated fats (lipids)

one double bond

state of matter of unsaturated fats (lipids) at room temperature

liquid

Monomers of proteins

amino acid

polymers of proteins

polypeptide

structure of proteins

complex chains (look like ribbons)

For the structure of proteins, structure determines what?

function

Function of proteins

transportation of enzymes, structure, and storage

monomers of nucleic acid

Nucleotide, sugar, phosphate base

Polymers of nucleic acid

DNA and RNA

RNA (function and structure of nucleic acid)

single helix and proteins carrier

DNA (function and structure of nucleic acid)

double helix and genetic structure