Atomic Structure (protons, neutrons, and electrons) and Ions/Isotopes quiz 10/11

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35 Terms

1

Mass, location, charge, relative mass, and actual mass: protons

  • mass: 1 amu

  • Location: inside nucleus

  • Charge: +1 (positive)

  • Relative mass: 1

  • Actual mass: 1.67 × 10-24g

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2

Mass, location, charge, relative mass, and actual mass: Neutrons

  • mass: 1 amu

  • Location: inside nucleus

  • Charge: 0 (no charge)

  • Relative mass: 1

  • Actual mass: 1.67 × 10-24g

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3

Mass, location, charge, relative mass, and actual mass: Electrons

  • mass: no mass (~ zero)

  • Location: outside nucleus

  • Charge: -1 (negative charge)

  • Relative mass: 1/1840

  • Actual mass: 9.11 × 10-28g

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4

Amu

A relative atomic mass system that compares all other atoms to a standard atom

  • The standard comparison is the carbon-12 atom

  • 1 amu = 1/12 mass of the carbon-12 atom

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5

Contains (protons, neutrons, or electrons), charge, almost all of the ___ of the atom: nucleus

  • contains: protons and neutrons

  • Charge: positive

  • Almost all of the mass of the atom

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6

Contains (protons, neutrons, or electrons), almost all of the ___ of the atom: Electron cloud

  • contains: electrons

  • Almost all of the volume of the atom

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7

The size of an atom

  • incredibly small

    • Measured in pico meters (pm)

      • 1 pm = 10-12m

      • Hydrogen (the smallest atom) measures only a 32 pm radius

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8

How does the nucleus compare to the electron cloud in size?

very small compared to the whole atom

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9

Density of the nucleus

10-12m

  • 2 × 108 metric tons/ cm3

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10

Neutral atom: atomic number and mass number

  • atomic number = number of protons and electrons

  • Mass number = sum of protons + neutrons

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11

What determines the element and kind of atom?

Number of protons

  • represented by Z → Z = number of protons

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12

Formula for calculating number of neutrons in a neutral atom

Mass # - atomic # = number of neutrons

  • MAN

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13

Ion

A charged atom

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14

List the 2 types of ions

  1. Anion

  2. Cation

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15

Charge, formed when atoms ___ electrons, more ___ than ___: anion

  • negative ion

  • Formed when atoms gain electrons

  • More electrons than protons

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16

Charge, formed when atoms ___ electrons, more ___ than ___: Cation

  • charge: positive ion

  • Formed when atoms lose electrons

  • More protons than electrons

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17

Formula for net charge of an ion

Net charge → protons ± (reciprocal sign of the number of electrons gained or lost) = electrons

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18
<p>Atomic number, mass number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons</p>

Atomic number, mass number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons

  • atomic number: 29

  • Mass number: 65

  • Protons: 29

  • Neutrons: 36

  • Electrons: 29

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19
<p>Atomic number, mass number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons</p>

Atomic number, mass number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons

  • atomic number: 3

  • Mass number: 7

  • Protons: 3

  • Neutrons: 4

  • Electrons: 3

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20
<p>Atomic number, mass number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons:</p>

Atomic number, mass number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons:

  • atomic number: 27

  • Mass number: 59

  • Protons: 27

  • Neutrons: 32

  • Electrons: 27

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21
<p>Atomic number, mass number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons:</p>

Atomic number, mass number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons:

  • atomic number: 53

  • Mass number: 127

  • Protons: 53

  • Neutrons: 74

  • Electrons: 53

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22

Hyphen notation

Element symbol - (mass number)

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23
<p>Atomic number, mass number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons:</p>

Atomic number, mass number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons:

  • atomic number: 11

  • Mass number: 23

  • Protons: 11

  • Neutrons: 12

  • Electrons: 10

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24
<p>Atomic number, mass number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons:</p>

Atomic number, mass number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons:

  • atomic number: 7

  • Mass number: 14

  • Protons: 7

  • Neutrons: 7

  • Electrons: 10

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25
<p>Atomic number, mass number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons:</p>

Atomic number, mass number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons:

  • atomic number: 19

  • Mass number: 39

  • Protons: 19

  • Neutrons: 20

  • Electrons: 18

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26
<p>Atomic number, mass number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons:</p>

Atomic number, mass number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons:

  • atomic number: 34

  • Mass number: 79

  • Protons: 34

  • Neutrons: 45

  • Electrons: 36

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27
<p>Atomic number, mass number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons:</p>

Atomic number, mass number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons:

  • atomic number: 30

  • Mass number: 65

  • Protons: 30

  • Neutrons: 35

  • Electrons: 28

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28

Isotopes

Atoms with the same number of protons (same element), but different number of neutrons

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29

How many elements have isotopes?

Almost all of them

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30

Are isotopes stable or radioactive?

Some isotopes are stable, and some isotopes are radioactive

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31

Isotopes differ in number of neutrons, so they also differ in…

Mass

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32

Since carbon has an atomic number of 6, how many protons and neutrons does carbon-12 have?

  • protons: 6

  • Neutrons: 6

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33

Since carbon has an atomic number of 6, how many protons and neutrons does carbon-14 have?

  • protons: 6

  • Neutrons: 8

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34

Since uranium has an atomic number of 92, how many protons and neutrons does uranium 235 have?

  • protons: 92

  • Neutrons: 143

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35

Since uranium has an atomic number of 92, how many protons and neutrons does uranium 238 have?

  • protons: 92

  • Neutrons: 146

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