Atomic Structure (protons, neutrons, and electrons) and Ions/Isotopes quiz 10/11

Mass, location, charge, relative mass, and actual mass: protons

• mass: 1 amu

• Location: inside nucleus

• Charge: +1 (positive)

• Relative mass: 1

• Actual mass: 1.67 × 10^-24g

Mass, location, charge, relative mass, and actual mass: Neutrons

• mass: 1 amu

• Location: inside nucleus

• Charge: 0 (no charge)

• Relative mass: 1

• Actual mass: 1.67 × 10^-24g

Mass, location, charge, relative mass, and actual mass: Electrons

• mass: no mass (~ zero)

• Location: outside nucleus

• Charge: -1 (negative charge)

• Relative mass: 1/1840

• Actual mass: 9.11 × 10^-28g

Amu

A relative atomic mass system that compares all other atoms to a standard atom

• The standard comparison is the carbon-12 atom

• 1 amu = 1/12 mass of the carbon-12 atom

Contains (protons, neutrons, or electrons), charge, almost all of the ___ of the atom: nucleus

• contains: protons and neutrons

• Charge: positive

• Almost all of the mass of the atom

Contains (protons, neutrons, or electrons), almost all of the ___ of the atom: Electron cloud

• contains: electrons

• Almost all of the volume of the atom

The size of an atom

• incredibly small

  • Measured in pico meters (pm)

    • 1 pm = 10^-12m

    • Hydrogen (the smallest atom) measures only a 32 pm radius

How does the nucleus compare to the electron cloud in size?

very small compared to the whole atom

Density of the nucleus

10^-12m

• 2 × 10⁸ metric tons/ cm³

Neutral atom: atomic number and mass number

• atomic number = number of protons and electrons

• Mass number = sum of protons + neutrons

What determines the element and kind of atom?

Number of protons

• represented by Z → Z = number of protons

Formula for calculating number of neutrons in a neutral atom

Mass # - atomic # = number of neutrons

• MAN

Ion

A charged atom

List the 2 types of ions

1. Anion

2. Cation

Charge, formed when atoms ___ electrons, more ___ than ___: anion

• negative ion

• Formed when atoms gain electrons

• More electrons than protons

Charge, formed when atoms ___ electrons, more ___ than ___: Cation

• charge: positive ion

• Formed when atoms lose electrons

• More protons than electrons

Formula for net charge of an ion

Net charge → protons ± (reciprocal sign of the number of electrons gained or lost) = electrons

Atomic number, mass number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons

• atomic number: 29

• Mass number: 65

• Protons: 29

• Neutrons: 36

• Electrons: 29

Atomic number, mass number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons

• atomic number: 3

• Mass number: 7

• Protons: 3

• Neutrons: 4

• Electrons: 3

Atomic number, mass number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons:

• atomic number: 27

• Mass number: 59

• Protons: 27

• Neutrons: 32

• Electrons: 27

Atomic number, mass number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons:

• atomic number: 53

• Mass number: 127

• Protons: 53

• Neutrons: 74

• Electrons: 53

Hyphen notation

Element symbol - (mass number)

Atomic number, mass number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons:

• atomic number: 11

• Mass number: 23

• Protons: 11

• Neutrons: 12

• Electrons: 10

Atomic number, mass number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons:

• atomic number: 7

• Mass number: 14

• Protons: 7

• Neutrons: 7

• Electrons: 10

Atomic number, mass number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons:

• atomic number: 19

• Mass number: 39

• Protons: 19

• Neutrons: 20

• Electrons: 18

Atomic number, mass number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons:

• atomic number: 34

• Mass number: 79

• Protons: 34

• Neutrons: 45

• Electrons: 36

Atomic number, mass number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons:

• atomic number: 30

• Mass number: 65

• Protons: 30

• Neutrons: 35

• Electrons: 28

Isotopes

Atoms with the same number of protons (same element), but different number of neutrons

How many elements have isotopes?

Almost all of them

Are isotopes stable or radioactive?

Some isotopes are stable, and some isotopes are radioactive

Isotopes differ in number of neutrons, so they also differ in…

Mass

Since carbon has an atomic number of 6, how many protons and neutrons does carbon-12 have?

• protons: 6

• Neutrons: 6

Since carbon has an atomic number of 6, how many protons and neutrons does carbon-14 have?

• protons: 6

• Neutrons: 8

Since uranium has an atomic number of 92, how many protons and neutrons does uranium 235 have?

• protons: 92

• Neutrons: 143

Since uranium has an atomic number of 92, how many protons and neutrons does uranium 238 have?

• protons: 92

• Neutrons: 146