Cancer, DNA, cell cycle vocab

DNA

Instruction book for organisms

Heredity

stored information that makes protein for the cell

Chromosome

Condensed DNA, Contains DNA parts for the cell's genetic information

Gene

Carries specific set of instructions for the cell

(hair color, nose shape, eye color, etc)

Mutation

Misspelled words in the genetic code that can lead to changes in the function or structure of proteins.

Prokaryote

No nucleus or membrane-bound

Has a two step process 1. DNA copied 2. Cells split by binary function

Eukaryote

Has a nucleus, Cell cycle is complex, Involves mitosis and cytogenesis and meiosis and cytogenesis

Interphase includes what?

G1 phase, S phase and G2 phase

What happens in G1 phase?

Growth of the cell

Greatest portion of the cell life span is what phase of interphase?

G1 phase

What happens in S phase of interphase?

DNA replicates producing two copies of the same chromosome

What happens in G2 phase of interphase?

Replication of the mitochondria and synthesis of microbules

What is after all the Interphsae steps?

M phase

What processes are in the M phase?

The M phase includes prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, which are stages of mitosis followed by cytokinesis.

G1 checkpoint what happens durning this?

Checks to see if the cells is big enough and if the DNA is undamaged before proceeding to S phase.

G2 checkpoint what happens durning this?

DNA replicates and checks for errors in the DNA before entering mitosis. It ensures that all DNA has been properly copied and is free from damage.

M checkpoint what happens durning this?

Ensures that all chromosomes are properly aligned and attached to the spindle before proceeding to anaphase.

Benign tumors

Encapsulated and non-invasive

Malignant tumors

Not encapsulated and invasive

Carcinoma cancer tissue type is what?

Epithelia tumor ( skin)

Sarcoma cancer tissue type?

Connective tissue ( Skeleton)

Lymphoma cancer tissues type?

Lymphatic tissue tumors.

Leukemia cancer tissue type?

Blood-forming tissues tumors. These don’t form tumors as most other forms of cancer.

Average risk factor in the US population for lame and female?

male- %40.1

female- %38.7

How a gene becomes a trait?

1. Gene

2. protein

3. folding

4. shape

Gene ?

Sequence of DNA that contains information about the genetic code for protein and RNA molecules

Why is shape of the