Covalent Bonds

What is a molecule

an uncharged group of 2 or more atoms stuck together

What is molecular formula

The exact number of atoms of each element in the molecule

Empirical Formula

The smallest whole number ratio of atoms in the lattice

What formula do we use for Metals or ionic compounds

empirical formula

For molecules what formula do we use

molecular formula

What is a covalent bond

A shared pair of electron between atoms

Metal +Metal what type of bonding

Metallic

Metal + non-metal what type of bonding

ionic

non metal + non metal what type of bonding

Covalent

properties of all substances made of molecules

low MP and BP

does not conduct electricity

Steps to draw a dot and cross diagram

1) write elemental symbol in middle

2)Place first 4 electrons

3)If they are more put 4 already present

The length of covalent bond to the strength

shorter the covalent bond the stronger the covalent bond

order(single , double , triple) in length of bonds

single , double triple

What is dative covalent bond

When one atom contributes both electrons to the shared pair

What is a dative bond doner

An ion or atom that has a lone pair of electrons

What is a dative bond acceptor

An ion that needs a lone pair of electrons

What is a sigma bond

orbitals overlap end on

What is Pi bond

Orbitals overlap side on

What type of bonds do single bonds have

sigma

What type of bonds do double bonds have

sigma and Pi

What type of bonds do double bonds have

Sigma and Pi and Pi

In sigma bond if atom rotates around bond axis what happens

-will not affect the amount of overlap between 2 orbitals

In Pi bond if atom rotates around bond axis what happens

the amount of overlap will change to 0