PR 2 (LESSON 9) - CONCEPTUAL / THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

FRAMEWORK

similar to a skeleton

it is a basic structure or frame of reference which is designed to support or enclose something.

THEORY

A conceptual idea that is used to describe, explain, predict, or understand a certain phenomenon.

Describes relationship/s among variables for purposes of explaining a current state or predicting future events.

Primarily concerned with determining cause-effect relationships

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Largely based on theories or parts of theory combined with other parts of another theory, or on the intellectual synthesis of the various reading of the researcher.

Guides the researcher by giving clear directions to the research.

PARADIGM OF THE STUDY

Diagrammatic presentation of the study

Result of a clear understanding of the conceptual or theoretical framework.

COMMON PARADIGMS

1. IPO MODEL

2. IV-DV MODEL

3. PC MODEL

4. -P MODEL

   1. POM MODEL

IPO MODEL (INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT)

Largely used when the research attempts to isolate the factor or major variables that cause the problem, subject, or phenomenon under investigation.

IV-DV MODEL

used in experiment-based studies

questions raised are higher order and classified as situation-relating

PC MODEL (PREDICTOR-CRITERION MODEL)

used when relating and assessing the influence between two or more variables

Studies that focus on relationships, associations, differences, and impacts will benefit from this model.

-P MODEL

used in research studies that propose a program or any intervention measure.

Fits the situation producing level of questioning

POM (Proposed Original Model)

Used when the researcher presents an original paradigm

The requirement to be met is that it must be scientific.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

This section facilitates understanding of the study by defining terms or variables according to their contextual use.

CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION

a universal definition of a term understood by people, a general statement of properties or qualities common to a number of examples.

subjective or theoretical/textual meaning of the word.

SOURCES: Dictionary, Related Literature, Authoritative Sources

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

the researcher’s own definition of terms as used in the study.

it also refers as the objective or practical/functional meaning of the word.

SOURCES: Empirical Data, Research Studies, Established Theories.

DENOTATIVE, CONNOTATIVE, LEXICAL

TYPES OF OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

DENOTATIVE DEFINITION

Variables are defined in terms of what the concept is or what it represents.

Example:

• Father- a male parent

• Nurse - one who cares for people, sick or well

CONNOTATIVE DEFINITION

Variables are defined according to implications or associations one might make with the variable.

Example:

• Father - strong, provider, head of the family, disciplinarian

  • Nurse - warm, gentle mannered, health provider

LEXICAL DEFINITIONS

Definitions taken from authorities on the subjects or terms being defined.

Example:

• According to Keith (2015), is a state of well-being that elevates the spirit, generates self-confidence and arouses pride in being part of group endeavor.