Bohr Model and Quantum Mechanics

A set of flashcards summarizing key concepts related to the Bohr model and quantum mechanics for exam review.

Bohr Model of the Atom

A model of the atom that describes electrons in quantized energy levels or orbits around the nucleus.

Quantum Number (n)

An integer that specifies the energy level of an electron in an atom; values are n=1, 2, 3,…, ∞.

Ground State

The lowest energy state of an electron in an atom, typically where n=1.

Excited State

A state of an electron that has absorbed energy and moved to a higher energy level.

Photon Energy Formula

The energy of a photon is quantized and given by E=h·ν, where h is Planck's constant and ν is frequency.

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

A principle stating that the position and momentum of an electron cannot be simultaneously measured with arbitrary precision.

Wave Function (ψ)

A mathematical function that describes the probability amplitude of an electron’s position and behavior.

Angular Momentum Quantum Number (ℓ)

A quantum number that defines the shape of the orbital and can take values from 0 to n-1.

Magnetic Quantum Number (mℓ)

A quantum number that defines the orientation of the orbital in space; can take integral values from -ℓ to ℓ.

Spin Quantum Number (ms)

A quantum number that describes the intrinsic spin of an electron, with values of +1/2 or -1/2.

Degenerate Orbitals

Orbitals that have the same energy level within a given principal quantum level.

Isotope

Atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Isoelectronic Series

A series of atoms and ions that have the same electronic configuration.

Electron Configuration

A notation that shows the distribution of electrons among the orbitals of an atom.

Aufbau Principle

The principle stating that electrons occupy the lowest-energy orbitals available before moving to higher-energy orbitals.

Effective Nuclear Charge (Zeff)

The net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom, considering electron shielding.

Pauli Exclusion Principle

No two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers, meaning an orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons with opposite spins.