exam 1 oral anatomy provided by prof: flashcards

What is the general arrangement of teeth in the mouth called?

Dentition

Provide two synonymous terms for 'Primary Dentition'.

Deciduous teeth and Baby teeth

How many total teeth are included in the primary dentition?

20

The state of the dentition when both permanent and primary teeth are present simultaneously is known as _____.

Mixed Dentition

Between what ages does the mixed dentition period typically occur?

6 to 13 years

Provide two synonymous terms for 'Secondary Dentition'.

Adult dentition and Permanent dentition

Define the 'Maxillary Arch'.

The upper arch of teeth.

Define the 'Mandibular Arch'.

The lower arch of teeth.

How many teeth are typically present in a single permanent arch?

16

How many teeth are typically present in a single primary (deciduous) arch?

10

In dental terminology, what is a 'Quadrant'?

The division of the dentition into fourths.

In the quadrant naming system, which number is assigned to the Mandibular Left lower quadrant?

3

Which quadrant name is associated with the number 1?

Maxillary right upper

Which quadrant name is associated with the number 4?

Mandibular right lower

Which quadrant name is associated with the number 2?

Maxillary left upper

The division of the teeth into sixths is referred to as a _____.

Sextant

Which area is designated as Sextant 2?

Maxillary anterior

Which area is designated as Sextant 5?

Mandibular anterior

Which area is designated as Sextant 1?

Maxillary right posterior

Which area is designated as Sextant 4?

Mandibular left posterior

What is the imaginary line that divides the dentition into right and left halves?

Midline

Which two specific types of teeth are categorized as 'Anterior Teeth'?

Incisors and Canines

Which two specific types of teeth are categorized as 'Posterior Teeth'?

Premolars and Molars

Define 'Succedaneous Teeth'.

Permanent teeth that replace primary teeth of the same type.

Which permanent teeth replace primary molars?

Premolars

Define 'Nonsuccedaneous Teeth'.

Permanent teeth that do not replace primary teeth.

Which group of permanent teeth are categorized as nonsuccedaneous?

Molars

What is the primary function of incisors?

Cutting

How many total incisors (central and lateral) are found in each quadrant?

Two

What are the three primary functions of canines?

Holding, grasping, and piercing food.

How many canines are present in each quadrant?

One

What are the functions of premolars?

Holding and assisting with grinding.

How many premolars are present in each quadrant?

Two

What is the primary function of molar teeth?

Grinding food

In dental anatomy, what is the 'Facial' surface?

The surface facing the lip or cheek.

Which teeth possess a 'Labial' surface?

Anterior teeth only

Define 'Labial' surface.

The surface adjacent to the lip.

Which teeth possess a 'Buccal' surface?

Posterior teeth only

Define 'Buccal' surface.

The surface adjacent to the cheek.

Define 'Lingual' surface.

The surface adjacent to the tongue.

The surface of the maxillary teeth adjacent to the palate is called the _____ surface.

Palatal

Define 'Occlusal' surface.

The chewing surface of the posterior teeth.

What is the 'Incisal' surface (or Incisal Edge)?

The biting surface of the anterior teeth.

Define 'Proximal' surfaces.

The surfaces in between the teeth.

Which proximal surface is closest to the midline?

Mesial

Which proximal surface is furthest from the midline?

Distal

List the three horizontal thirds used in the 'Mesiodistal' division of facial and lingual surfaces.

Distal, Middle, and Mesial thirds

List the three vertical thirds used in the 'Cervico-occlusal' division of facial and lingual surfaces.

Cervical, Middle, and Incisal/Occlusal thirds

Name the three horizontal thirds of a tooth's root.

Cervical, Middle, and Apical thirds

List the three thirds used in the 'Faciolingual' division of proximal surfaces.

Facial, Middle, and Lingual thirds

In dental anatomy, what is a 'Line Angle'?

The junction of two surfaces on a tooth.

Give an example of an anterior line angle.

Labial and Incisal

In dental anatomy, what is a 'Point Angle'?

The point on a tooth where three surfaces meet.

What anatomical feature serves as the center for development of all teeth?

Lobes

How many facial and lingual lobes typically develop into incisors, canines, and premolars?

Three facial lobes and one lingual lobe

Describe the lobe composition of the Maxillary First Molar.

Two facial lobes and three lingual lobes

Describe the lobe composition of the Mandibular First Molar.

Three facial lobes and two lingual lobes

Define 'Ridge' in terms of tooth anatomy.

A linear elevation of enamel.

List the four types of ridges found on teeth.

Marginal, Transverse, Triangular, and Oblique

Define 'Cusp'.

A mound of extra enamel usually found on occlusal surfaces.

Which three types of teeth typically possess cusps?

Canines, Premolars, and Molars

In tooth morphology, what is a 'Convexity'?

A bumped out area on a tooth.

Define 'Fossa'.

A valley-like depression found on tooth surfaces.

Where are fossae located on anterior teeth?

Lingual surfaces

Where are fossae located on posterior teeth?

Occlusal surfaces

Define 'Concavity' in relation to tooth morphology.

A carved out or deep dipped area.

What is the standard order when naming a tooth verbally?

Dentition, Arch, Quadrant, Tooth (e.g., Permanent Maxillary Right First Molar)

What is the numeric range used to identify permanent teeth in the Universal System?

1 to 32

In the Universal System for primary teeth, what letter is assigned to the upper right tooth?

A

In the Universal System for primary teeth, what is the sequence of letters for the upper arch?

A (upper right) to J (upper left)

In the Universal System for primary teeth, what is the sequence of letters for the lower arch?

K (lower left) to T (lower right)

Which type of tooth root structure is defined by having two roots?

Bifurcated

Which type of tooth root structure is defined by having three roots?

Trifurcated

The area between adjacent teeth is known as the _____.

Interproximal space

What is the term for the v-shaped valleys between teeth that spill food away from contact areas?

Embrasures

What is the term for the boundary where the enamel of the crown meets the cementum of the root?

Cervical line

What are the three primary functions of incisors?

Cutting/Shearing, Speech, and Cosmetic.

Name the four developmental lobes that form an incisor.

Mesial, Middle (Central), Distal, and Lingual.

Which tooth numbers represent the Maxillary Central Incisors in the Universal Identification System?

$8$ and $9$.

What is the initial calcification age for a Maxillary Central Incisor?

$3$-$4$ months.

At what age do the Maxillary Central Incisors typically erupt?

$7$-$8$ years.

When is root completion typically achieved for Maxillary Central Incisors?

$10$ years.

Which anterior tooth is characterized as being the widest mesiodistally?

Maxillary Central Incisor.

Define mamelons.

Three enamel projections at the incisal third of anterior teeth seen upon eruption.

How does the mesioincisal angle of a Maxillary Central Incisor compare to its distoincisal angle?

The mesioincisal angle is sharp, while the distoincisal angle is more rounded or convex.

Describe the mesial outline of the Maxillary Central Incisor labial surface.

Fairly straight.

Describe the distal outline of the Maxillary Central Incisor labial surface.

Curved or convex.

Where are the developmental lines located on the labial surface of a Maxillary Central Incisor?

Incisal and middle thirds.

What are the enamel lines located just below and running parallel to the cervical line called?

Imbrication lines.

Describe the shape and apex of the Maxillary Central Incisor root.

Cone-shaped with a blunt apex.

What is the crown-to-root ratio of a Maxillary Central Incisor?

$1.3$.

Where is the cingulum located on the lingual surface of a Maxillary Central Incisor?

Cervical third.

In which thirds of the tooth is the lingual fossa of a Maxillary Central Incisor located?

Incisal to middle thirds.

What three anatomical features bound the lingual fossa?

Cingulum, incisal edge, and marginal ridges.

Define marginal ridges on an incisor.

Elevations of enamel located on the mesial and distal borders of the lingual surface.

Describe the proximal shape of a Maxillary Central Incisor.

Triangular.

Where is the crest of curvature (height of contour) located on the proximal outlines of an incisor?

Cervical third.

Which tooth surface in the entire dentition features the greatest curvature of the cervical line?

Mesial surface of the Maxillary Central Incisor.

Where is the mesial contact area located on a Maxillary Central Incisor?

Incisal third.

How does the curvature of the distal cervical line compare to the mesial on a Maxillary Central Incisor?

It is less curved.