Chambers and Valves of the Heart

General anatomical and functional review of heart chambers, valves, and blood flow pathways.

How many chambers is the heart divided into?

$$4$$

What are the two upper chambers of the heart called?

The atria

What structure divides the two atria?

The interatrial septum

What is a septum defined as in the context of the heart?

A wall that separates two chambers

Which chambers are known as the receiving chambers through which all blood enters the heart?

The atria

What is the singular form of the term 'atria'?

Atrium

What are the two lower chambers of the heart called?

The ventricles

What structure divides the two ventricles?

The interventricular septum

Why are the walls of the ventricles thicker than those of the atria?

Because the ventricles must pump blood throughout the entire body

Besides the heart, where else is the term 'ventricle' used to define a normal hollow chamber?

The brain

How many valves control the flow of blood through the heart?

$$4$$

Which valve controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle?

The tricuspid valve

What does the term 'tricuspid' mean?

Having $3$ cusps or points

Where is the pulmonary valve located?

Between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

What does the term 'pulmonary' mean?

Pertaining to the lungs

Where is the mitral valve located?

Between the left atrium and left ventricle

What is the shape of the mitral valve compared to?

A Bishop's hat

What is the alternative name for the mitral valve because it has two cusps?

Bicuspid valve

Where is the aortic valve located?

Between the left ventricle and the aorta

What does the term 'aortic' mean?

Aorta pertains to; ic means pertaining to

What does the term 'oxygenated' mean?

Oxygen rich or containing an adequate supply of oxygen

What does the term 'deoxygenated' mean according to the transcript?

Oxygen poor or not yet containing an adequate supply of oxygen

From where does the right atrium receive oxygen poor blood?

From all tissues except lungs through the superior and inferior vena cavae

Where does the right ventricle pump oxygen poor blood?

Through the pulmonary semilunar valve and into the pulmonary artery

How does the left atrium receive oxygen rich blood from the lungs?

Through the $4$ pulmonary veins

Through which valve does blood flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle?

The mitral valve

Where does the left ventricle pump blood after it passes through the aortic semilunar valve?

To the aorta, where it is carried to all parts of the body except the lungs

According to the transcript, what returns oxygen poor blood to the right atrium to continue the cycle?

The Venae Cavae