Covalent Bonds, Hydrogen Bonds and IMF

higher

do ionic compounds have higher or lower melting and boiling points, compared to covalent compounds?

the number and types of atoms

information a chemical formula tells you

noble gases

they already have 8 valence electrons (except He, which is happy with 2)

elements that exist in nature and will not combine with other elements

Why?

 H₂, N₂, O₂, F₂, Cl₂, Br₂, l₂

 7 diatomic molecules

To satisfy the octet rule and become more stable

why atoms bond together

When atoms need to share more than one pair of electrons

why double/triple bonds exist

Boron, Phosphorus and Xenon

three elements that do not obey the octet rule

 to know about the number of bonds and lone pair of electrons around the central atom

how VSEPR theory can be used to predict the shape of molecules

Higher electronegativity difference between two atoms in a bond can result in a polar covalent bond or ionic bond.

How electronegativity values determine the charge distribution in a covalent bond

 intermolecular forces

attractive force between 2 or more molecules

Hydrogen bonds

(the strongest) the attractive force caused by Hydrogen bonded to N, O, or F (N O AND F - very electronegative)

Dipole-Dipole interactions

(the second strongest) when polar molecules are attracted to each other

London Dispersion Force

(the weakest) results from the motion of electrons that creates temporary dipoles in molecules

breaks it

One end is polar and the end is not. It attracts both polar and nonpolar molecules

What effect does a surfactant have on the surface tension of water

why?

-ide

the suffix for names of all binary compounds, both ionic and molecular

a cation and an anion

 the composition of ionic compounds are made up of?

-ide and has NO oxygen

the prefix hydro- is used when the name of the acid anion ends in..

metal first,

nonmental second,

or

the one with lower electronegativity first

the one with higher electronegativity second

How chemical formulas of binary ionic compounds are generally written

polyatomic ions

An –ate or –ite at the end of a compound name usually indicates that the compound contains..

0-0.4

0.5-1.8

1.9 or greater

nonpolar

polar

ionic

carbon monoxide (CO), NH₄⁺¹

coordinate covalent compounds

ozone (O₃), benzene

resonance examples

resonance

When more than one valid dot diagram is possible.

BF³

exception to octet rule

electrons are shared

in a covalent bond..

NUMBERS/SUFFIXES

ionic compounds have NO..

nonpolar

no lone pairs