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Vocab
Thermochemistry
the study of energy and chemical reactions
energy
the ability to do work
chemical potential energy
energy stored in chemicals that can be released in chemical reactions
exothermic reaction
a chemical change that releases energy to
the surroundings
endothermic reaction
a chemical change that absorbs energy from the
surroundings
bond energy
the energy required to break a bond (or the energy released when a bond is formed)
Heat
the process where thermal kinetic energy is passed from one place to another through particle collisions
thermal kinetic energy
the energy that all chemicals contain due to the
movement of particles
temperature
the measure of thermal kinetic energy (or particle motion)
kinetic-molecular theory
says that all material things are made of tiny particles in constant motion
Enthalpy
another name for chemical potential energy
enthalpy change
the amount of energy absorbed or released in a
chemical reaction
thermochemical equation
a balanced chemical equation that includes
the enthalpy change
activation energy
the energy needed to initiate a chemical reaction (to break the bonds of the reactants)
calorimetry
an experiment that allows us to determine the enthalpy change of a chemical reaction
specific heat
the amount of energy required to raise one gram by one degree Celsius
Hess’s law
– says we can solve unknown thermochemical equations using known thermochemical equations (there are three rules)
