Ch 1-2 terms

Hadza

Hadza

Last people to continue a hunter gatherer lifestyle

Gyro mahiya

Prominent member of Hudza people

Paleolithic

Old stone age

Neolithic

New Stone Age or agricultural revolution

Blombos caves

South Africa. This is where earliest signs of human activity was seen.

4500 years ago

Africa to the Middle East westward into Europe and finally eastward into Asia

Where technologies; bone needles, multilayered clothing, weaving nets, storage pits, and pottery emerged

Central Europe, Ukraine, russia

Found in Germany 35,000 years ago

Venus figurine depicting the female form

60,000 years ago

Migration to Australia from Indonesia through boats

Aboriginals

Australian people who practiced old life regardless of agriculture present near them

Dreamtime

Complex outlook on the world shown in stories, ceremonies etc. was the aboriginals ideology.

Between 30,000 and 15,000

First migrations into the Americas

Emerged around 13000 years ago

Clovis culture

Clovis culture

Clovis men killed big animals

11000 years ago

All trace of Clovis culture disappeared

pacific voyages were taken by

Agricultural people who carried domesticated plants and animals in their canoes

Final settlements

New Zealand (aotearoa) and Easter island (Rapu nui)

When agricultural people traveled two things happened

Deforestation and extinction of species (moa of New Zealand)

First Paleolithic societies

Small, nomadic, equal, (women 70 percent, men 30)

Encountered hunter and gatherers, envied them

Captain James cook, in 1770

When Europeans settled into Paleolithic societies

Things became violent, lots of beatings, killings, etc

Paleolithic societies

“The original affluent society” because they needed so little

Arrival of humans resulted in

Extinction of Neanderthals or Flores men of Indonesia

View of Paleolithic people

Cyclic view of life

Western view

Time moved in a Straight line

Afro Eurasian world 25000 years ago

Miniaturization of tools

Between 16000 and 10000 years ago

Ice age ended

Jomon

Paleolithic city in Japan that was near the sea, worlds first pottery, wooden, paddles, canoes, bows, bowls, etc.

Göbekli tepe

A ceremonial religious cite, worlds oldest temple

Chumash

Southern California, they made structures for 70 people, market economy, start of class distinctions.

12000 years ago

Agriculture or Neolithic revolution

Intensification

Getting more crop from less acres

Between 12000 and 4000 years ago

Agricultural revolution

Horiculture

Several transitions regarding hoe culture

Most important of agricultural revolution plants

Wheat, corn, rice, barley, sorghum

Most important of agricultural revolution Animals

Sheep, pigs, goats, cattle, horses

First to experience agricultural revolution

Fertile Crescent(Southeast Asia )

First cultivated crop

9400 bce, figs

Teostinte

Ancestor of corn domesticated in Mexico 4000-3000 bce

Diffusion

Gradual spread of agricultural techniques without extensive movement of agricultural people

Colonization or migration

Of agricultural peoples

2 causes of agricultural spread

Diffusion or migration

With agriculture spread

Language

Within Africa development of agriculture related to

Migration of people speaking one of 400 bantu languages

Bantu people

Beginning from Nigeria or Cameroon they drove away Paleolithic people

Common era

Global spread of agriculture which reduced numbers of hunter gatherers

Yahi

A hunting gathering group killed due to gold rush

Ishi

Last of the Yahi

Banpo

Found near present day Xian found in 1953

Metalluragy

Associated with agricultural revolution

Tech around 4000 BCE

Use animals for milk, wool, plows, carts, and horse riding

Iran wine making

5400 BCE

China wine making

4000 BCE

Central Asia, Arabian peninsula, sahara

Reliant on their animals

Pastorals

People dependent on their animals, usually conflicted with farmers

Banpo and Jericho

Hoe based agricultural people who settled in communities

Catalhüyük

Southern turkey village, lacked rulers, buried dead under their houses and filled houses with dirt

Igbo

Of southern Nigeria encouraged people to earn titles to set them apart

Chiefdoms

Politically organized agricultural societies, chiefs relied on personality not violence.

Earliest chiefdoms

Tigris Euphrates river valley, known as Mesopotamia

Largest chiefdom

Cahokia flourished 1100 CE

Back to the land movement

began in 1960 as a wish to return to simpler times

Earliest of civilization

Sumer in southern Mesopotamia, Nile river valley in witnessed Egyptian civilization), and Nubia a further south of the Nile, Norte Chico largest being Caral in supe river valley

Norte Chico economy

Depended on quipo or knots for accounting

Indus River valley

No hierarchy, small republics, irrigation led to salt soil which led to it’s abandonment

Xia dynasty

2070-1600, monarch Wu. Mastered waters

Zhou dynasty ruler

Son of heaven

Oxus or Amu dynasty

First civilization in 2200 BCE, workshops with walls.gates, gone by 1700 BCE

Olmec

Mother of civilization, near present day Veracruz, may have created the first written language

Nubian civilization Nile valley

Ta seti 3400-3200 BCE

Rose around the same time as the shang dynasty

Sanxingdui in china

Uruk

Largest city in Mesopotamia, pyramid with temples at top

Mohenjo and Harrapa

Sister cities on banks on Indus Valley 200 BCE, indoor plumbing

Teotihuacán

First of CE, difference of class shown through houses

Hammurabi

Punishment dependent on classes

Assyrian

Women who were respected wore veils those who weren’t didn’t

Inna or istar

Goddess of love and sexuality in Mesopotamia

State authorities

Kept communities together through violence as well

Asarte

Local form of Mesopotamian goddess istar