AP Psychology: Unit 3: Developmental Psychology

Nature vs Nurture

genes vs environment

Sensorimotor

using senses to interact with surroundings (ages birth-2)

Preoperational

symbolic level but not yet cognitive operations (ages 2-7)

Concrete Operational

organized an rational thinking (ages 7-11)

Formal Operational

ability to formulate hypotheses and test to arrive at an answer/ abstract thinking (12 and up)

Schema

mental framework that helps individuals organize, process, and store information, about their environment

Assimilation

interpreting new experiences in terms of you existing schemas

Accommodation

adapting current schemas to incorporate new information

Object Permanence

understanding that items and people still exist even if you can not see or hear them

Egocentric

the inability to understand that someone's point of view might be different

Conservation

idea that if something is divided there is same amount of stuff but more piece

Trust vs Mistrust

can people be trusted (new borns)

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

can I do things myself? ( toddlers )

Initiative vs Guilt

can I come up with what to do myself? (young elementary children)

Industry vs Inferiority

can I do things as well as those around me? (older elementary children)

identity vs Role Confusion

can I figure out who I am? (pre-teen/teenager)

Intimacy vs isolation

can I be close to people? (young adults /after college)

Generatively vs Stagnation

can I continue to have meaning? (middle age)

Integrity vs Despair

either satisfied or feel a failure (seniors citizens)

Pre-conventional

right or wrong based on reward or punishment

Conventional

right or wrong based on law

Post Conventional

right or wrong based on moral ideas

Heinz Dilemma

should a man steal medicine to save his wife's life?

Imprinting

bonding with the first thing and animal sees

Reflex

action naturally born with

Conservation

mass stays the same (ex. in wide and shallow or tall and deep jar)

Self Efficacy

trust in one's ability to do things

Self Regulation

the ability to understand and manage your behavior, your reactions to feelings and things happening around you

Authoritative

high communication, explanations and punishment

Authoritarian

parent only communicates to child, high expectations and punishment

Permissive

lots of communication, not much punishment or standards

Secure Attachment

upset when leaves, but happy when returns, independent

Avoidant Attachment

avoids relationships, does not open up easily

Ambivalent Attachment

overly needy, anxious and uncertain

Disorganized Attachment

distress, chaotic, new relationships hard

Critical Period

the time during which certain skills must be learned in childhood

Maturation

when the body and mind becomes more adult

Identity

determining who one is

Social Clock

certain milestones expected at certain ages societally

Gender Roles

what is expected of men and women

Dating vs Courtship

intention for marriage or less commitment

The 5 Love Languages

gifts, time, service, touch, words of affirmation

Stages of Grief

denial, anger ,bargaining, depression, acceptance

Denial

disbelief

Anger

anger

Bargaining

what if

Depression

despair

Acceptance

able to create a new normal