human nutrition key words

NOT DONE

Absorption

small molecules of digested food pass through the wall of the intestine into the blood on its way to the liver

Alimentary canal

muscular tube through which food passes:

from mouth through oesophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine to anus.

Muscular tube = Alimentary canal

Amylase

• Enzyme produced in salivary glands and pancreas

• breaks down starch into maltose

Anus

Outlet of the gut where faeces is expelled from the body

Assimilation

manufacture of new substances in cells using products of digestion

Balanced diet

diet that contains carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre and water in the right proportions

Bile duct

Tube carrying bile from the gall bladder to the duodenum

Bile

Green liquid made by the liver and stored in the gall bladder

Causes lipids in the gut to form an emulsion

Increases the surface area for easier digestion by lipases

Carbohydrases

Enzymes that break down carbohydrates

Chemical digestion

action of enzymes breaking up food

Chyme

Liquid that the movements of the muscular wall churn the food into

Coeliac disease

Disease where the villi are damaged and lost due to the immune system reacting to the presence of gluten.

People with this disease cannot absorb products of digestion properly, they end up small/thin and can be constipated

Colon

First part of the large intestine where water is absorbed from the waste material in the gut

Diarrhea

when the gut is secreting more fluids than usual or it cannot absorb fluids properly

Digestion

Breaking down of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules

Disaccharide

double sugar e.g. sucrose

Duodenum

First part of the small intestine following the stomach

Egestion

Removal of undigested food via the anus

Emulsify

Breaking down large globules into small droplets